低轨卫星面阵凝视成像技术研究

文章介绍了面阵凝视成像的工作原理及特点,阐述了低轨卫星对地观测凝视成像面临的像移问题及其解决措施,对像移补偿装置与二维指向机构的结合做了初步探讨。     

微小卫星平台公共总线技术——CAN网络应用

对局域控制网络(CAN)协议在“清华一号”微小卫星平台上的应用作了描述。提出了微小卫星对平台公共总线的要求,介绍了CAN网络的特点,阐述了CAN协议的帧结构,并在此基础上提出了针对卫星子系统数据通讯所作的改进协议。还给出了微小卫星星载计算机子系统的CAN节点硬件设计结构和软件控制流程。     

Ideal proportional navigation for exoatmospheric interception

Ideal proportional navigation (IPN) is a natural choice for exoatmospheric interception for its mighty capture capability and ease of implementation. The closed-form solution of two- dimensional ideal proportional navigation was conducted in previous public literature, whereas the practical interception happens in the three-dimensional space. A novel set of relative dynamic equations is adopted in this paper, which is with the advantage of decoupling relative motion in the instantaneous rotation plane of the line of sight from the rotation of this plane. The dimension-reduced IPN is constructed in this instantaneous plane, which functions as a three-dimensional guidance law. The trajectory features of dimension-reduced IPN are explored, and the capture regions of dimension-reduced IPN with limited acceleration against nonmaneuvering and maneuvering targets are analyzed by using phase plane method. It is proved that the capture capability of IPN is much stronger than true proportional navigation (TPN), no matter the target maneuvers or not. Finally, simulation results indicate that IPN is more effective than TPN in exoatmospheric interception scenarios.     

圆外切五边形中有向面积的定值定理及其应用

本文给出圆外切五边形中有向面积的几个定值定理，并据此推出圆外切五边形中的一些共点性结论，其中包括射影几何中著名的Brianchon定理在圆外切五边形中的情形。     

捕获轨迹法在××无人机投放试验中的应用

介绍一种投放外挂物脱离母机状态的风洞测力试验和飞行轨迹分析融于一体的“捕获轨迹”方法。该方法能较精确地获得外挂物在复杂干扰流场中所受的空气动力和力矩，实时地提供离机后的轨迹和姿态，预测了无人机和母机之间飞行是否相容的问题。全尺寸的飞机投放试验表明，“捕获轨迹”技术是一种精确预测外挂物分离特性的方法，解决了大展弦比无人机安全离机的关键问题。     

圆度评定的面积法

运用面积法给出了国度评定的一个辅助指标,以补充现行圆度公差评定的不足,并将该辅助指标应用到国度误差的测量实验中。     

一种分布式区域卫星导航系统定位方法

研究了应用于铁路、内河水运等领域的分布式区域卫星导航系统定位方法。定位方法 采用多站差分方式,分析了多站差分的误差特性、单参考站电离层和对流层误差,提出了基 于伪距修正值投影的多站差分区域导航系统的定位方法。该方法解决现有技术中单差分系统 用户与地面站的距离增加定位误差增大的问题,增加定位精度,同时提高系统的健壮性和覆 盖效率。     

空间机械臂捕捉空间目标分析

基于建立的空间机械臂系统的运动学与动力学模型,以及动量守恒关系,对空间机械臂抓取空间目标进行了分析。讨论了两关节机械臂4种碰撞力方向及其对应的机械臂系统耦合角动量、关节转角的变化,提出了直臂抓取方案。仿真结果表明：通过控制碰撞力方向可有效减少碰撞力对系统耦合角动量、关节转角的影响,进而避免混合体控制的关节与力矩限制。     

空间大型末端执行器捕获动力学与实验研究

以绳索式末端执行器为研究对象,基于离散化方法,采用六维弹簧柔性连接方式建立了绳索动力学模型,并引入绳索与目标间的非线性接触碰撞力和摩擦力模型,获得末端执行器捕获动力学模型,并设计了末端捕获冲击实验,验证了模型的正确性。所建模型可充分考虑绳索的空间运动状态以及捕获过程中绳索与目标间的接触碰撞过程,基于此模型可预示并预防捕获过程中瞬时的较大冲击。对于机构设计和控制器调试具有一定意义,并可作为物理试验的有效补充,解决我国未来空间大型目标捕获任务地面试验验证困难的问题。     

Human spaceflight and an asteroid redirect mission: Why?

The planning of human spaceflight programmes is an exercise in careful rationing of a scarce and expensive resource. Current NASA plans are to develop the new capability for human-rated launch into space to replace the Space Transportation System (STS), more commonly known as the Space Shuttle, combined with a heavy lift capability, and followed by an eventual Mars mission. As an intermediate step towards Mars, NASA proposes to venture beyond Low Earth Orbit to cis-lunar space to visit a small asteroid which will be captured and moved to lunar orbit by a separate robotic mission. The rationale for this and how to garner support from the scientific community for such an asteroid mission are discussed. Key points that emerge are that a programme usually has greater legitimacy when it emerges from public debate, mostly via a Presidential Commission, a report by the National Research Council or a Decadal Review of science goals etc. Also, human spaceflight missions need to have support from a wide range of interested communities. Accordingly, an outline scientific case for a human visit to an asteroid is made. Further, it is argued here that the scientific interest in an asteroid mission needs to be included early in the planning stages, so that the appropriate capabilities (here the need for drilling cores and carrying equipment to, and returning samples from, the asteroid) can be included.