山地精品景区提升与改造的重点问题——以新乡万仙山景区为例

山地精品景区是最早发展起来的景区类型之一,经过多年来的发展,有了一定基础,但在新的旅游发展形势下,出现了一些发展瓶颈,因此,对山地精品景区进行提升和改造是十分必要的。文章以新乡万仙山景区为例,介绍了万仙山景区的发展现状,分析了万仙山景区在新的发展阶段存在的问题,并在转变旅游开发理念、对原有旅游资源再认识和深度开发、景区旅游业发展的重新定位和调整、解决景区发展的社会问题和提高景区服务质量等方面进行探索性研究,对相应的提升和改造方法进行了总结。     

Polarization model for discrimination of broad and needle shaped leaves and estimation of LAI using polarization measurements

Method for estimation of Leaf Area Index (LAI) based on polarized radiance measurements is proposed. Leaf angle dependency on LAI estimation can be taken into account by considering polarization characteristics of leaves. Effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed with the polarized radiance from tealeaves and the other needle leaf types of grasses. Convenient way to monitor quality and amount of leaves with network camera with polarization film is also proposed.     

低本底α、β测量仪效率校准研究

简述了低本底α、β测量仪效率校准的基本原理,研究了自吸收和面积与探测效率的关系,评定了效率校准中的不确定度,并分析了效率在α、β样品测量中的应用。     

一种非线性规划的求解方法与燃气发生器的设计

阐述了一种新的非线性规划的求解方法。即对每个参变量在其可能变化区间内，按照特定的步长依次代入约束方程来观察是否满足约束条件，从而求得若干组可行解。变量变化的步长通过非线性方程组各个方程在近似结点的全微分的分析获得。步长的确定是本方法的关键。文中并示范性列举了本方法在燃气发生器设计中的作用。     

导航辅助下基于LAS码的天基多目标测控

中继卫星的天基测控是解决中低轨道航天器大范围、长时间、多目标测控的有效途径,但用户星到中继卫星的时延误差、多普勒频移校正误差等参数会对多目标测控带来干扰。针对该问题,首先分析了定位误差引起的时延误差、多普勒频移校正误差等因素,设计了天基多目标前向链路遥控SMA(S-band Multiple Access,S频段多址)信号形式和反向遥测链路SMA信号形式,选择与时延校正误差相匹配的LAS(Large Area Synchronous,大区域同步)码作为反向遥测信息的扩频码,建立了导航辅助的终端时延和频率预校正方案模型,可以有效消除多用户干扰。仿真表明,当Eb/N0≥10.5dB时,前向遥控信息误码率pe≤1×10~(-6),反向遥测信息误码率pe≤1×10~(-6),使用LAS码比Gold序列约有2dB性能改善,为基于我国天链卫星的中低轨道卫星稳定运行、载人航天交会对接以及后续空间站建设等任务的测控提供重要参考。     

空空导弹的攻击区与截获区

空空导弹的综合性能一贯以“攻击区”表示。现代火控技术采用了离轴瞄准、发射,提出了三种追踪方式(前置、后置及纯追踪),并用“截获区”表示。研讨了“攻击区”“截获区”的确定方法,建立了数学模型,作了算例,讨论了计算结果。     

地球资源卫星轨道设计

本文提出了满足设计要求的地球资源卫星轨道参数的计算方法。并且提出了使得地面轨迹形成覆盖循环所需要满足的简要公式。     

对地观测卫星访问区域目标时间窗口快速算法

为减少对地观测卫星访问区域目标时间窗口的计算,根据建立的卫星对区域目标的观测模型,提出了卫星观测区域目标时间窗口的大圆近似快速算法,给出了算法具体步骤。仿真算例结果表明:时间窗口起点误差小于0.5 s,时间窗口长度误差小于0.723%,计算时间减少了99.87%.     

Debris area distribution of spacecraft under hypervelocity impact

Cross-sectional area is an important parameter for spacecraft breakup debris as it is the directly measured data in space observation. It is significant for observing and analysing the spacecraft breakup event to accurately modelling the area distribution of the breakup debris. In this paper, experimental study has been performed on debris area distribution characteristics of spacecraft under hypervelocity impact. The tests are carried out at the ballistic ranges of CARDC. Aluminium projectiles are launched to normally impact the simulated spacecrafts at about 3.0 km/s. The simulated spacecrafts are made up of aluminium plates, filled with some simulated electronics boxes, each of which was installed with a circuit board. “Soft-catch” devices are used to recover the breakup fragments. The test results show that: 1) the relationship between the cross-sectional area and the characteristic length of debris, which can be obtained in the logarithmic coordinates by linear fitting, represents the debris shape characteristic in a certain extent; 2) the area-to-mass ratios of fragments show normal distributions in the logarithmic coordinates; 3) debris made of different materials can be distinguished by different peaks on the distribution curves; 4) the area-to-mass ratio distributions can be expressed by a linear superimposition of several normal functions which represent the main materials of the spacecraft.     

基于LAS码的星群多目标测控技术研究

针对星群多目标同时测控问题,基于星群轨道根数的时延特性和多普勒频移特性分析可得,星群多目标测控的上行链路遥控与测距信号可实现S CDMA（Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access,同步码分多址）,由于星间距离较小,下行链路遥测与测距信号满足QS CDMA（Quasi synchronous code division multiple access,准同步码分多址）.上行链路遥控和测距信号形式设计为PCM BPSK CDMA（Pulse Code Modulation Binary Phase Shift Keying Code Division Multiple Access,脉冲编码调制二进制相移键控码分多址）,上行链路信号采用Gold序列扩频;下行链路遥测和测距信号形式设计为PCM BPSK CDMA,根据总的时延差,提出下行链路采用基于等长脉冲间隔法构造的LAS（Large Area Synchronous,大区域同步）码扩频.结果表明：比特信噪比Eb/N0为10.5 dB时,遥控误码率为1＆#215;10 6;Eb/N0为9.6 dB时,遥测误码率为1×10^5——与达到相同误码性能的Gold序列相比有1 dB改善,因此,LAS码相比于Gold码能够获得更好的误码性能.