某全机模型的水滴撞击特性分析

飞机结冰会对其飞行造成巨大隐患。应用Fensap软件,使用CFD计算方法,采用Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型对德国宇航中心(DLR)某型飞机的三维模型进行气动及水滴撞击特性分析。通过控制变量的方法,确定环境参量对水滴撞击特性的影响。结果表明:飞机速度增大,局部水收集系数减小;水滴直径减小,局部水收集效率也减小。     

基于GA-ELM的飞行载荷参数识别

针对用复杂飞行数据识别飞行载荷时的精度低、速度慢等问题,提出一种结合遗传算法(GA)和极限学习机(ELM)的GA-ELM模型。该模型使用ELM神经网络作为计算核心,用遗传算法产生ELM网络输入层到隐含层的权值矩阵和隐含层偏移量;用GA-ELM模型对飞行数据进行识别,并与BP神经网络和原始ELM神经网络的识别结果进行对比。结果表明:GA-ELM模型是一种有效且高精度的飞行载荷参数识别方法。     

涡扇发动机故障诊断硬件在回路实时仿真平台

硬件在回路仿真是发动机故障诊断算法由理论转向实际工程应用的重要阶段,但目前航空发动机故障诊断算法的研究多数处于软件数字仿真阶段。构建民用涡扇发动机故障诊断算法硬件在回路实时仿真验证平台,开发考虑健康退化的民用涡扇发动机多维调度分段线性化模型,分析并模拟仿真民用涡扇发动机的四类典型常见故障。经过对相关诊断算法进行实验验证,表明该平台及使用的模型和方法都是行之有效的,具有一定的工程使用价值。     

基于主动失谐优化的叶轮瞬态加减速振动抑制

提出了一种基于主动失谐优化的叶轮瞬态加减速振动抑制方法.首先建立了瞬态加减速激励下的叶轮降阶模型,获得了表征失谐对瞬态振幅影响的失谐放大因子.然后基于降阶模型,采用蒙特卡洛仿真快速计算了一系列瞬态激励下失谐放大因子的概率密度分布,结果表明:失谐放大因子在大多数瞬态激励下受到随机小失谐的影响大于在稳态激励下受到的影响,且...     

电离层顶部电子含量对GNSS电离层层析的影响分析

卫星信号射线上的总电子含量(slant total electron content, STEC)是像素基全球卫星导航系统电离层层析(computerized ionospheric tomography, CIT)建模的必要数据来源，但电离层层析通常忽略1 000 km以上的顶部电子含量，为弄清这部分电子含量对层析结果的影响，利用NeQuick2模型计算站星视线上的STEC与其在电离层区域内的STEC比值来改正原始数据，并分别利用改正前后的STEC进行电离层层析。结果显示，电离层顶部电子含量占比约为10%，白天占比略大于黑夜，与测高仪站的数据相比，改正后的均方根值比改正前提高了20%以上；与Swarm卫星提供的电子剖面数据对比，改正后的层析结果精度较改正前提升了19.6%左右，且该方法受地磁扰动影响较为明显。总的来说，利用CIT进行小尺度电离层探测，可较直观地看出，顶部电子含量对层析结果的影响较大，需要采取相应手段予以剔除。     

Coupling behavior between adhesive and abrasive wear mechanism of aero-hydraulic spool valves

Leakage due to wear is one of the main failure modes of aero-hydraulic spool valves. This paper established a practical coupling wear model for aero-hydraulic spool valves based on dynamic system modelling theory. Firstly, the experiment for wear mechanism verification proved that adhesive wear and abrasive wear did coexist during the working process of spool valves. Sec-ondly coupling behavior of each wear mechanism was characterized by analyzing actual time-variation of model parameters during wear evolution process. Meanwhile, Archard model and three-body abrasive wear model were utilized for adhesive wear and abrasive wear, respectively. Furthermore, their coupling wear model was established by calculating the actual wear volume. Finally, from the result of formal test, all the required parameters for our model were obtained. The relative error between model prediction and data of pre-test was also presented to verify the accuracy of model, which demonstrated that our model was useful for providing accurate prediction of spool valve’s wear life.     

可形变人脸模型研究进展综述

正确理解和跟踪人脸是构建能够在复杂人类环境中自主工作的智能机器系统的首要和关键步骤，可形变模型通过统计学习方法给出对象形状的紧凑数学表示，是达成这一目标的重要手段。从机器学习和计算机视觉领域角度，对人脸图像的可形变模型构建这一研究课题的最新研究进展进行了综述。特别地，对其中涉及的关键问题进行了归纳，并建立了一个抽象的统一贝叶斯可形变模型；在此框架下，对标准的点分布模型PDM模型及其最新研究进展进行了回顾、对一些主要的方法进行了介绍、对这些方法优缺点进行了对比分析。     

协同翻译环境下辅助译文生成技术研究

在协同翻译过程中，辅助译文的质量是影响协同翻译效率的重要因素，而现有辅助译文生成方法并没有考虑用户对辅助译文的个性化需求。由此，提出了通过建立用户模型来提高辅助译文质量的研究思路，根据翻译知识库与用户知识库的相对熵的大小来决策为用户提供哪个模板。实验表明：在使用用户模型后，协同翻译的效率有了明显的提高。     

Categorical Bias in Line Angle Judgments: Sex Differences and the Use of Multiple Categories

According to the Category Adjustment (CA) model, spatial estimates (e.g., of location) involve Bayesian combination across multiple, hierarchical pieces information, each weighted by its relative certainty. Recent work, though, has shown that men and women differ in terms of their certainty regarding fine-grained and categorical information in location memory. Here we demonstrate that this reflects a more general sex difference in visuospatial processing by examining bias patterns in a line angle judgment task (JLAP-15). In addition, the data suggest that multiple, hierarchical levels of categorical information influenced spatial judgments. These results imply that the hierarchical combination outlined by the CA model extends beyond two levels, and that men and women apply differential weighting to these representations.     

The ‘soot line’: Destruction of presolar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the terrestrial planet-forming region of disks

Interstellar material is highly processed when subjected to the physical conditions that prevail in the inner regions of protoplanetary disks, the potential birthplace of habitable planets. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are abundant in the interstellar medium, and they have also been observed in the disks around young stars, with evidence for some modification in the latter. Using a chemical model developed for sooting flames, we have investigated the chemical evolution of PAHs in warm (1000–2000 K) and oxygen-rich (C/O < 1) conditions appropriate for the region where habitable planets may eventually form. Our study focuses on (1) delineating the conditions under which PAHs will react and (2) identifying the key reaction pathways and reaction products characterizing this chemical evolution. We find that reactions with H, OH and O are the main pathways for destroying PAHs over disk timescale at temperatures greater than about 1000 K. In the process, high abundances of C₂H₂ persist over long timescales due to the kinetic inhibition of reactions that eventually drive the carbon into CO, CO₂ and CH₄. The thermal destruction of PAHs may thus be the cause of the abundant C₂H₂ that has been observed in disks. We propose that protoplanetary disks have a ‘soot line’, within which PAHs are irreversibly destroyed via thermally-driven reactions. The soot line will play an important role, analogous to that of the ‘snow line’, in the bulk carbon content of meteorites and habitable planets.