铝合金平板超高速撞击声发射信号S2模态特征分析

对铝合金平板上形成的超高速撞击(HVI)声发射(AE)信号S2模态的特征进行研究,分析其与损伤模式之间的关系。以3 mm厚5A06铝合金平板为研究对象,通过数值仿真获得不同撞击工况下的超高速撞击声发射信号,提取信号中的S2模态,并分析其幅值、能量、频谱等特征。结果表明,S2模态能量随传播距离呈指数衰减;分别随撞击弹丸直径和撞击速度的增加先下降后上升,且在弹丸直径与靶板厚度相近、临界撞击速度时最低。S2模态的中心频率随弹丸直径的增加而降低;随撞击速度的增加而增加;随传播距离的增加向1500 kHz移动。S2模态小波包系数呈凹性的频域范围分别随撞击速度和弹丸直径的增大变窄。在此基础上,当靶板形成穿孔损伤时,可根据S2模态的中心频率推测弹丸的直径;在传播距离和弹丸直径已知的前提下,可根据S2模态小波包系数呈凹性的频域范围推测撞击速度。     

涡轮叶片多重精度MDO方法

考虑到多学科优化设计(multidisciplinary design optimization,MDO)的效率和精度,充分发挥当前涡轮叶片各种精度分析方法的优势,提出了涡轮叶片的多重精度多学科优化设计策略.利用协同优化策略在学科解耦和协调方面的能力,引入包括流固紧密耦合分析、流固热松散耦合分析和近似方程在内的涡轮叶片设计中的多种精度模型,结合两点式标度函数和优化过程阶段性收敛后更新,改进可变复杂度建模方法处理多重精度模型的能力,研究结果表明:仅调用9次高精度流固耦合分析就能确保涡轮带冠叶片多学科优化设计的效率和精度.      

载人航天器大气环境控制系统性能集成分析

考虑到载人航天器大气环境控制系统设计参数和控制参数众多,文章建立了一种载人航天器大气环境控制系统性能集成仿真分析模型,包括舱体模块、航天员模块、舱压控制模块、温湿度控制模块和二氧化碳净化模块。利用该模型对载人航天器常规工作模式下大气环境控制系统性能进行了计算分析,得到了在不同热负荷水平下载人航天器密封舱空气各个参数随在轨时间的变化趋势,结果表明:氧分压控制、二氧化碳净化和人区温湿度控制之间存在着密切的相互影响关系,不可孤立地进行分析。此外,文章还分析确定了非常规工作模式下热负荷水平允许上限,为载人航天器工作模式的确定提供了依据。研究结果有助于载人航天器大气环境控制系统的设计和流程改进。     

CFD Study of NO_x Emissions in a Model Commercial Aircraft Engine Combustor

Air worthiness requirements of the aircraft engine emission bring new challenges to the combustor research and design. With the motivation to design high performance and clean combustor, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is utilized as the powerful design approach. In this paper, Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations of reactive two-phase flow in an experimental low emission combustor is performed. The numerical approach uses an implicit compressible gas solver together with a Lagrangian liquid-phase tracking method and the extended coherent flamelet model for turbulence-combustion interaction. The NOx formation is modeled by the concept of post-processing, which resolves the NOx transport equation with the assumption of frozen temperature distribution. Both turbulence-combustion interaction model and NOx formation model are firstly evaluated by the comparison of experimental data published in open literature of a lean direct injection (LDI) combustor. The test rig studied in this paper is called low emission stirred swirl (LESS) combustor, which is a two-stage model combustor, fueled with liquid kerosene (RP-3) and designed by Beihang University (BUAA). The main stage of LESS combustor employs the principle of lean prevaporized and premixed (LPP) concept to reduce pollutant, and the pilot stage depends on a diffusion flame for flame stabili-zation. Detailed numerical results including species distribution, turbulence performance and burning performance are qualita-tively and quantitatively evaluated. Numerical prediction of NOx emission shows a good agreement with test data at both idle condition and full power condition of LESS combustor. Preliminary results of the flame structure are shown in this paper. The flame stabilization mechanism and NOx reduction effort are also discussed with in-depth analysis.     

军用运输机运输效能指标

给出了运输任务类型和运输效能定义,从效果与耗费两方面着手建立了运输效能指标体系,将运输效能归纳为安全性、质量或体积、距离、准确性、时间、场地、人员、设备及费用等9种因素,在确立各个因素运输效能单项指标的基础上提出了一种运输效能综合指标,以四种典型运输任务为例,建立了常用的运输效能指标。     

Rainfall retrieval over Indian land and oceanic regions from SSM/I microwave data

Present study focuses on the estimation of rainfall over Indian land and oceanic regions from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) on the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F-13. Based on the measurements at 19.35, 22.235 and 85.5 GHz channels of SSM/I Satellite, scattering index (SI) has been developed for the Indian land and oceanic regions separately. These scattering indices were co-located against rainfall from Precipitation Radar (PR) onboard Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) to develop a new regional relationship between the SI and the rain rate for the Indian land and oceanic regions. A non-linear fit between the rain rate and the SI is established for rain measurement. In order to have confidence in our method, we have also estimated rainfall using the global rainfall and scattering index relationship developed by Ferraro and Marks [Ferraro, R.R., Marks, G.F. The development of SSM/I rain rate retrieval algorithms using ground based radar measurements. J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. 12, 755–770, 1995]. The validation with the rain-gauge shows that the present scheme is able to retrieve rainfall with better accuracy than that of Ferraro and Marks (1995). Further intercomparison with TRMM-2A12 and validation with rain-gauges rainfall showed that the present algorithm is able to retrieve the rainfall with reasonably good accuracy.     

AVS-F observations of γ-ray emission during January 20, 2005 solar flare up to 140 MeV

The solar flare of January 20, 2005 (X7.1, 06:36–07:26 UT, maximum at 07:01 UT by the GOES soft X-ray data) was the most powerful one in January 2005 series. The AVS-F apparatus onboard CORONAS-F registered γ-emission during soft X-ray rising phase of this flare in two energy ranges of 0.1–20 MeV and 2–140 MeV. The highest γ-ray energy registered during this flare was ∼140 MeV. Six spectral features were registered in energy spectrum of this solar flare: annihilation + αα (0.4–0.6 MeV), ²⁴Mg + ²⁰Ne + ²⁸Si + neutron capture (1.7–2.3 MeV), ²¹Ne + ²²Ne + ¹⁶O + ¹²С (3.2–5.0 MeV), ¹⁶O (5.3–6.9 MeV), one from neutral pions decay (25–110 MeV) and one in energy band 15–21 MeV. Four of them contain typical for solar flares lines – annihilation, nuclear de-excitation and neutron capture at ¹H. Spectral feature caused by neutral pions decay was registered during several flares too. Some spectral peculiarities in the region of 15–21 MeV were first observed in solar flare energy spectrum.     

多舱段载人航天器空气环境控制系统性能分析

建立了一种多舱段载人航天器空气环境控制系统性能集成仿真分析模型,包括舱体模块、乘员模块、舱压控制模块、温湿度控制模块和CO2净化模块,并对两舱段载人航天器空气环境控制系统性能进行了计算分析。结果表明,舱间通风传热能力较差,造成组合体温湿度水平超出指标范围,而舱间通风传质能力较强,可实现氧分压水平和CO2分压水平的集中控制。提出了一种控制系统改进方案,在非主控舱段增设控温系统改善组合体空气温度水平,仿真结果表明,控制系统改进后组合体各空气环境参数均满足设计要求。该工作有助于加快载人航天器空气环境控制系统的设计和改进流程。     

Storm-time atmospheric density modeling using neural networks and its application in orbit propagation

Upper atmospheric densities during geomagnetic storms are usually poorly estimated due to a lack of clear understanding of coupling mechanisms between the thermosphere and magnetosphere. Consequently, the orbit determination and propagation for low-Earth-orbit objects during geomagnetic storms have large uncertainties. Artificial neural networks are often used to identify nonlinear systems in the absence of rigorous theory. In the present study, an attempt has been made to model the storm-time atmospheric density using neural networks. Considering the debate over the representative of geomagnetic storm effect, i.e. the geomagnetic indices ap and Dst, three neural network models (NNM) are developed with ap, Dst and a combination of ap and Dst respectively. The density data used for training the NNMs are derived from the measurements of the satellites CHAMP and GRACE. The NNMs are evaluated by looking at: (a) the mean residuals and the standard deviations with respect to the density data that are not used in training process, and (b) the accuracy of reconstructing the orbits of selected objects during storms employing each model. This empirical modeling technique and the comparisons with the models NRLMSIS-00 and Jacchia-Bowman 2008 reveal (1) the capability of neural networks to model the relationship between solar and geomagnetic activities, and density variations; and (2) the merits and demerits of ap and Dst when it comes to characterizing density variations during storms.     

S型进气道沿程结冰参数变化的数值模拟

采用欧拉-欧拉法,对低来流马赫数和大气结冰条件下S型进气道沿程的空气-过冷水滴两相流场进行了数值计算,获得了进气道沿程和出口面上结冰参数的分布和变化特征.计算结果表明:当来流马赫数从0.1增加到0.5时,进气道入口处附近相对于来流的气动降温从6K增大到17K左右,进气道出口面上的温度畸变指数逐渐增大,液态水含量畸变指数先急剧增大后缓慢减小,在研究范围内来流马赫数为0.2时液态水含量畸变值达到最大.