空空导弹弹体典型焊接缺陷及其控制技术

介绍了空空导弹弹体的结构特点、焊接技术要求、所用材料及常用的焊接方法,分析了圆周焊缝典型的焊接缺陷、危害及产生原因等,并就如何防止和消除焊接缺陷进行了深入的探讨,同时介绍了几种控制焊接缺陷的工艺方法。     

5A06铝合金超快变换极性VPTIG焊接工艺

研发了一种适用于铝合金材料的新型超快速变换变极性焊接工艺,以5A06为焊接对象,通过X射线探伤、拉伸试验、金相分析以及扫描电镜等手段对超快变换VPTIG焊接工艺进行了试验研究.试验结果表明,超快变换变极性,11G焊接工艺能够显著改善和提高5A06铝合金的焊接质量.     

Special Technologies Related to Electron Beam Welding

In order to improve the manufacturing quality of electron beam welding,some technologies are developed by using the special features of electron beam.Comparing with the conventional electron beam welding,the usage of multi-beam technology and micro-beam technology are introduced.In addition.the development of beam diagnostic system is also presented.     

Friction Stir Welding of Metal Matrix Composites for use in aerospace structures

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a relatively nascent solid state joining technique developed at The Welding Institute (TWI) in 1991. The process was first used at NASA to weld the super lightweight external tank for the Space Shuttle. Today FSW is used to join structural components of the Delta IV, Atlas V, and Falcon IX rockets as well as the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle. A current focus of FSW research is to extend the process to new materials which are difficult to weld using conventional fusion techniques. Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) consist of a metal alloy reinforced with ceramics and have a very high strength to weight ratio, a property which makes them attractive for use in aerospace and defense applications. MMCs have found use in the space shuttle orbiter's structural tubing, the Hubble Space Telescope's antenna mast, control surfaces and propulsion systems for aircraft, and tank armors. The size of MMC components is severely limited by difficulties encountered in joining these materials using fusion welding. Melting of the material results in formation of an undesirable phase (formed when molten Aluminum reacts with the reinforcement) which leaves a strength depleted region along the joint line. Since FSW occurs below the melting point of the workpiece material, this deleterious phase is absent in FSW-ed MMC joints. FSW of MMCs is, however, plagued by rapid wear of the welding tool, a consequence of the large discrepancy in hardness between the steel tool and the reinforcement material. This work characterizes the effect of process parameters (spindle speed, traverse rate, and length of joint) on the wear process. Based on the results of these experiments, a phenomenological model of the wear process was constructed based on the rotating plug model for FSW. The effectiveness of harder tool materials (such as Tungsten Carbide, high speed steel, and tools with diamond coatings) to combat abrasive wear is explored. In-process force, torque, and vibration signals are analyzed to assess the feasibility of on-line monitoring of tool shape changes as a result of wear (an advancement which would eliminate the need for off-line evaluation of tool condition during joining). Monitoring, controlling, and reducing tool wear in FSW of MMCs is essential to the implementation of these materials in structures (such as launch vehicles) where they would be of maximum benefit.     

实现程控化焊接两圆形管件的几何建模及计算方法

将圆形管件焊接成三通、四通等是焊接行业经常遇到的工艺。采用传统的手工式切割与焊接不仅工艺粗糙，而且效率也低。现代的焊接设备以其高效、自动化、程控化逐步取代手工操作。将提供各种形状的管件以不同连接形式焊接与切割以实现自动化、程控化的计算方法。     

耐候钢活性MAG 焊接接头组织及冲击断口特征

针对焊枪可达性差等难熔合焊接结构,提出了活性熔化极气体保护焊焊接新方法。该方法可增加焊接熔深,改善难熔焊接结构的熔合不良,获得高质量的焊接接头。采用活性熔化极气体保护焊接对耐候钢进行了工艺试验,对焊接接头组织、冲击韧性及断口形貌进行分析。结果表明,相对熔化极气体保护焊,活性熔化极气体保护焊在同等焊接热输入下熔深显著增加,焊缝表面及焊接接头内部质量高,接头组织更为细化,过热区析出碳化物相也更加细小弥散,冲击韧性提高,冲击断口韧性特征更明显。     

液体火箭发动机用小直径管路焊接疲劳分析方法研究

为了简化焊接圆管的随机振动疲劳计算，通过理论推导和仿真对比证明了焊接疲劳分析中“结构应力法”所指的结构应力实质同材料力学计算的名义应力是一致的，并以此提出了一种快速开展设计和分析的简化方法，不依赖于FE-Safe软件，且发挥了梁单元模型的效率优势。另外，基于梁单元模型的随机振动计算结果对减震卡箍多方案布置对结构焊接疲劳寿命的影响展开讨论，认为卡箍分散布置和增加数量虽然可以有效避开结构共振频率，然而并不一定会提高焊接疲劳寿命，甚至可能会加速焊接位置的失效，具体布置设计需要结合疲劳计算结果。     

镁合金焊接的研究与发展

综述了三种典型的镁合金焊接技术的研究现状，分别为钨极氩弧焊、激光焊和搅拌摩擦焊，分析了镁合金焊接的研究和应用现状，讨论了这些焊接方法的优缺点，并指出镁合金焊接研究中存在的问题和今后的发展方向。     

面向飞机蒙皮对缝的移动机器人自主跟踪方法

提出一种面向飞机蒙皮对缝的移动机器人自主跟踪方法,用以解决大型蒙皮上表面装配对缝的自动化测量问题.移动机器人包括对缝测量模块和运动控制模块,对缝测量模块在测量对缝间隙阶差的同时得到机器人相对于对缝的位姿,运动控制模块控制机器人自主调姿.基于双线结构光与对缝的相对位置关系,提出机器人在不同情况下的自主调姿方法,解决了机器...     

重复使用火箭贮箱焊接接头失效准则及高风险失效危险区确定研究

贮箱是重复使用火箭的关键部件之一,焊缝的完整性评定是重复使用火箭贮箱设计制造的难题。本文根据断裂力学弹塑性原理及双参数2A级失效评估方法,对重复使用火箭贮箱焊缝裂纹进行定量评估。基于贮箱焊缝完整性评定流程,给出求解贮箱箱底焊缝剩余强度和临界裂纹尺寸的方法,结合实例确定了典型贮箱高风险失效危险部位。计算结果表明,结构临界裂纹尺寸随外加应力增加而减小,剩余强度随临界裂纹长度增加而减小;在相同外加应力下,临界裂纹尺寸随结构外径的降低而减小;在一定临界裂纹尺寸下,剩余强度随结构外径增加而增加。