TiB2颗粒对2195铝锂合金焊接头焊接性的影响

为了解决2195铝锂合金在焊接时裂纹敏感性高、焊接头软化等问题,通过调整焊丝的化学成分,添加微米级原位自生TiB_2颗粒,制备出BJ-4210焊丝,并对焊接头的抗裂性、力学性能及显微组织进行了研究。研究表明,TiB_2颗粒在熔池中作为形核质点,能够降低焊缝晶粒尺寸并且改变晶粒形态,从而有效的降低接头的裂纹敏感性,提高接头的力学性能,其拉伸强度达到370 MPa,延伸率为3.1%。BJ-4210焊丝的研制可为2195铝锂合金的工程应用提供技术支撑。     

2195铝锂合金钨极氩弧焊接工艺研究

针对2195铝锂合金在焊接时裂纹敏感性高、气孔敏感性高、易氧化等问题，开展氩弧焊接工艺研究，对焊接头的抗裂性、力学性能及显微组织进行了分析。研究表明，提高焊缝金属中的Cu含量，可以有效降低2195铝锂合金熔焊接头的裂纹敏感性，裂纹率K₁=0%,K₂=0%。2195铝锂合金单面双层焊接接头力学性能最佳，抗拉强度超过376 MPa，延伸率达到5.5%。提高焊接试板的清理深度可以解决焊接气孔敏感性高的问题，增加氩气拖后保护及背保护措施可以有效防止焊接氧化问题。熔焊工艺研究可为2195铝锂合金的工程应用提供技术支撑。     

推进剂管理装置的可靠性增长及试验验证

采用原始的焊接方式焊接筛网式推进剂管理装置的收集器合格率低、可靠性差。为此,采用纯钛箔作为过渡层进行了不锈钢筛网与钛合金支压板的电阻缝焊试验以及随后这两者与钛合金骨架的电子束焊试验,然后进行了地面力学环境下的振动试验,以验证焊接方式改进后收集器的可靠性。焊接试验结果表明,纯钛箔过渡层一方面可以大幅降低筛网在电阻缝焊时的焊接热量,有效地减小筛网的热变形;另一方面可以在电阻缝焊后形成牢固、封闭的纯钛/不锈钢筛网焊缝过渡区,有效地增加电子束焊时筛网的变形抗力,从而使得焊接后试样的合格率和性能大幅提高。振动试验结果表明,焊接方式改进后收集器的可靠度置信下限从0.90增加到了0.96。     

Review on residual stress and its effects on manufacturing of aluminium alloy structural panels with typical multi-processes

In the aerospace industry, integrated aluminium alloy plates and stiffened panels with high accuracy and performance attract significant interest. To manufacture these panels as integrity with high accuracy, multiple processes need to be utilised, such as machining, welding and forming. During the whole manufacturing chain, residual stresses can be generated and redistributed in the components among different processes. The residual stress would significantly affect the shapes and properties of the final products. Currently, these great effects are not well considered in the design and manufacturing processes. This paper aims to draw a general understanding of the residual stress generated in the pre-manufacturing processes and its effects on subsequent manufacturing processes. The mechanisms and distributions of residual stresses generated in typical pre-manufacturing processes of structural panels, including machining, welding and additive manufacturing (AM), are firstly summarised. The detailed effects of generated residual stresses on distortion and application properties in subsequent manufacturing processes are then concluded. In addition, current methods developed for the investigation of residual stress effect in multi-processes manufacturing are critically reviewed, including experimental, analytical, finite element (FE) and machine learning methods. Furthermore, the future development trend of methods for residual stress consideration and control in the design of manufacturing processes is summarised, providing comprehensive guidance to achieve the high accurate manufacturing of aluminium alloy structural components.