基于Monte Carlo的聚焦型X射线脉冲星望远镜多物理场耦合分析方法

聚焦型X射线脉冲星望远镜(XPT)是涉及光学、机械学、热学等多学科的复杂航天载荷,多物理场耦合分析对提高其在轨性能和可靠性至关重要。传统的光机热多场耦合分析(MCA)方法并不能考虑X射线能量及其反射率信息,而且存在学科间数据传递困难的问题。为此,首先基于Monte Carlo和X射线全反射理论提出了一种高效的多物理场耦合分析方法。该方法同时考虑X射线能量和反射率两大特征信息,基于有限元分析(FEA)法建立了XPT热-结构物理场耦合方程和有限元分析模型,针对不同工况进行热分析、结构分析以及热-结构物理场耦合分析。其次,采用Construction Geometry函数分别提取不同工况下光学镜头面形的形变量,并基于多项式函数对变形后的镜头面形进行拟合和误差分析。然后,基于所提方法对变形后的光学系统聚焦性能进行分析与评价,得到镜头形变对XPT光学聚焦性能的影响规律。最后,以多层嵌套的XPT为例,对不同视场角和形变的X射线光学系统聚焦性能进行了仿真分析。结果表明,在全视场时热-结构耦合形变、热形变及结构形变导致XPT聚焦性能分别下降30.01%,14.35%和7.85%,弥散斑均方根依次为2.9143 mm,2.6038 mm,2.5311 mm。通过与试验结果对比分析,验证了所提方法的有效性,可用于XPT的可靠性设计。     

分开排气式喷管喷流噪声预测及试验研究

为揭示涡扇发动机分开排气式喷管喷流噪声的频谱分布和指向特性,对喷管缩比模型远声场喷流噪声进行了预测及试验研究,并开展了全尺寸喷管基准型及锯齿型喷流噪声的预测工作。结果表明:采用Tam & Auriault方法可以预测出喷流噪声的声压级值和空间指向分布,喷流噪声具有明显的指向性。与基准型喷管相比,锯齿型喷管具有良好的降噪效果;内外涵锯齿型喷管在中低频段的降噪效果优于内涵锯齿型喷管,在高频段的降噪效果差于内涵锯齿型喷管;在本文研究参数范围内,指向角小于88°时内外涵锯齿型喷管总声压级(OASPL)值高于内涵锯齿型喷管。     

一种适用于三维混合网格的GMRES加速收敛新方法

为提高流场计算收敛效率,发展了一套适用于三维混合网格Naiver-Stokes方程求解的并行广义最小残差（GMRES）隐式时间推进方法。该方法由科学计算可移植扩展工具包（PETSc）中的Krylov子空间求解器实现,线性方程系统中的系数矩阵直接以显式给出以提高算法的稳定性。为进一步提高GMRES方法的收敛速度,对非结构网格的序号进行了重排序,使得系数矩阵的非零元素尽量向主对角线靠近。利用所发展的GMRES方法,完成了对ONERA-M6机翼、AIAA阻力预测会议通用研究模型（CRM）等算例的计算,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。通过与其他隐式推进方法进行比较,对算法的收敛特性进行了研究。结果表明,所发展的GMRES方法计算更加稳定,残差下降速度相对LU-SGS（Lower-Upper Symmetric Gauss-Seidel）方法更快,尤其是气动力系数向着收敛解逼近的速度更加明显,提高了计算效率。     

针刺C/C复合材料拉伸强度及渐进失效数值预测

基于金相显微镜观测的针刺C/C复合材料细观结构,考虑材料内部纤维的真实分布,建立了针刺C/C复合材料单胞模型。采用Linde失效准则,考虑纤维渐进损伤对材料进行了刚度折减,通过引入周期性位移边界条件,对针刺C/C复合材料的拉伸破坏进行了有限元法（FEM）数值模拟,分析了单胞模型的渐进失效过程,并预测了材料的拉伸强度。开展了针刺C/C复合材料拉伸试验,采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察了材料的断口形貌,数值预测结果与试验吻合良好。针刺C/C复合材料受拉伸载荷后发生准脆性断裂,拉伸应力-应变曲线呈双线性,0°无纬碳布发生纤维断裂和基体开裂破坏,90°无纬碳布出现横向基体劈裂,最终断裂发生在针刺纤维与面内无纬碳布交叉区域。     

扩展酉矩阵束算法实现稀疏可重构天线阵的优化设计

针对方向图可重构天线阵列的稀疏布阵问题,提出一种基于扩展酉矩阵束算法的优化设计算法。首先建立以阵元位置和多组激励为变量的多方向图联合稀疏优化模型,并利用期望方向图采样数据构建Hankel块矩阵。然后通过centro-Hermitian化处理和酉变换将采样矩阵从复数域转换到实数域,舍弃实矩阵中较小的奇异值对可重构线阵进行稀疏。最后通过对等价矩阵束的广义特征值分解估计稀布阵元位置,进而得到每个方向图对应的激励。仿真验证了该方法能够以阵元非均匀稀疏分布的阵列形式有效实现多个方向图的精确重构。     

Prediction of cutting forces in ball-end milling of 2.5D C/C composites

Machining of carbon/carbon (C/C) composite materials is difficult to carry out due to its high specific stiffness, brittleness, anisotropic, non-homogeneous and low thermal conductivity, which can result in tear, burr, poor surface quality and rapid wear of cutters. Accurate and fast pre-diction of cutting forces is important for milling C/C composite materials with high quality. This paper presents an alternative cutting force model involving the influences of the directions of fiber. Based on the calculated and experimental results, the cutting forces’ coefficients of 2.5D C/C com-posites are evaluated using multiple linear regression method. Verification experiment has been car-ried out through a group of orthogonal tests. Results indicate that the proposed model is reliable and can be used to predict the cutting forces in ball-end milling of 2.5D C/C composites.     

Aerodynamic optimization of rotor airfoil based on multi-layer hierarchical constraint method

Rotor airfoil design is investigated in this paper. There are many difficulties for this high-dimensional multi-objective problem when traditional multi-objective optimization methods are used. Therefore, a multi-layer hierarchical constraint method is proposed by coupling principal component analysis (PCA) dimensionality reduction and e-constraint method to translate the orig-inal high-dimensional problem into a bi-objective problem. This paper selects the main design objectives by conducting PCA to the preliminary solution of original problem with consideration of the priority of design objectives. According to the e-constraint method, the design model is estab-lished by treating the two top-ranking design goals as objective and others as variable constraints. A series of bi-objective Pareto curves will be obtained by changing the variable constraints, and the favorable solution can be obtained by analyzing Pareto curve spectrum. This method is applied to the rotor airfoil design and makes great improvement in aerodynamic performance. It is shown that the method is convenient and efficient, beyond which, it facilitates decision-making of the high-dimensional multi-objective engineering problem.     

A dimension reduced INS/VNS integrated navigation method for planetary rovers

Inertial navigation system/visual navigation system (INS/VNS) integrated navigation is a commonly used autonomous navigation method for planetary rovers. Since visual measurements are related to the previous and current state vectors (position and attitude) of planetary rovers, the performance of the Kalman filter (KF) will be challenged by the time-correlation problem. A state augmentation method, which augments the previous state value to the state vector, is commonly used when dealing with this problem. However, the augmenting of state dimensions will result in an increase in computation load. In this paper, a state dimension reduced INS/VNS integrated nav-igation method based on coordinates of feature points is presented that utilizes the information obtained through INS/VNS integrated navigation at a previous moment to overcome the time rel-evance problem and reduce the dimensions of the state vector. Equations of extended Kalman filter (EKF) are used to demonstrate the equivalence of calculated results between the proposed method and traditional state augmented methods. Results of simulation and experimentation indicate that this method has less computational load but similar accuracy when compared with traditional methods.     

含激波的湍流流动高精度大涡数值模拟方法

针对采用亚格子模型进行含激波的湍流流动模拟时会面临激波附近的精度损失问题,考虑从通过亚格子模型以及数值模拟方法两方面的改进来实现湍流流动大涡模拟的精度提高.大涡模拟采用了Yee及Sj(o)green (2009)提出的高阶低耗散方法.该方法采用自适应的流场探测器以控制计算中所需区域的数值耗散,并考虑对动力学模型采用在激波位置使用Sagaut和Germano(2005)提出的单边亚格子过滤器和(或)直接禁用亚格子项等方法加以改进.对于标准的马赫数1.5和3条件下的激波-湍流干扰问题,上述新方法相较于全区域采用亚格子模型的方法均表现出了相似的精度提升.同时实现的数值精度改进方案采用了Harten的亚单元分辨过程来定位和锐化激波,并在精确激波位置附近的网格点处采用了单边测试滤波.     

C/SiC复合材料反射镜研究进展

反射镜在空间光学系统中起着非常关键的作用,目前已发展到第四代C/SiC复合材料。C/SiC复合材料具有低密度、高模高强、结构设计灵活等优点,已成为非常重要的新型反射镜材料。本文对四代反射镜的特点进行了归纳和对比,对C/SiC复合材料反射镜的结构设计、几种常用的制备工艺进行了整理和总结,并对目前国内外的研究进展进行了综述。