GH4169材料磨削后数控抛光表面完整性试验研究

针对航空发动机叶片材料GH4169高温合金,采用CBN砂轮磨削后进行羊毛毡轮数控抛光.首先,研究了抛光预压量对抛光轮寿命和工件表面粗糙度的影响,找到了抛光轮寿命的评价方法和优化的预压量;然后,研究了抛光深度对磨削后GH4169表面完整性的影响.结果表明:表面粗糙度Ra随抛光深度的增加先减小后稳定,表面显微硬度HV随抛光深度的增加呈显著下降趋势,进给方向表面残余正应力随深度增加先升高后下降,而垂直进给方向表面残余正应力先基本不变后下降.最终试验优选出了深度参数为2μm,预压量0.5～1.0mm.采用羊毛毡轮对GH4169磨削表面进行抛光,既能达到较小的表面粗糙度值(Ra=0.3μm),又可以有效维持CBN砂轮磨削形成的两个方向较大的表面残余应力.     

树脂结合剂CBN砂轮缓进深磨钛合金——CBN砂轮在缓磨中的应用

本文从磨削力、磨削温度、金属去除量、砂轮磨损形态、磨削方式以及工件表面形貌等多方面考察研究了树脂结合剂CBN砂轮在缓进磨削钛合金中的应用,并将其与普通碳化硅砂轮的磨削性能作了对比。实验结果显示,在缓进磨削中,CBN砂轮的磨削性能确实明显优于碳化硅砂轮。CBN砂轮磨削时的力、温度值均较SiC砂轮磨削时要低,砂轮磨损速度远远低于SiC砂轮,磨削表面纹理也优于SiC砂轮。CBN砂轮缓磨钛合金时能长期保持锋利的原因不是由于自锐作用,而是CBN磨料不会与钛合金发生粘附且具有良好耐磨性的缘故。CBN磨料本身所具有的极高的化学稳定性、它的超硬超耐磨特性与缓磨本身的低温特征所构成的最佳工艺组合是解决钦合金难磨问题的理想途径。     

Prediction on grinding force during grinding powder metallurgy nickel-based superalloy FGH96 with electroplated CBN abrasive wheel

In this article, a grinding force model, which is on the basis of cutting process of single abrasive grains combined with the method of theoretical derivation and empirical formula by analyzing the formation mechanism of grinding force, was established. Three key factors have been taken into accounts in this model, such as the contact friction force between abrasive grains and materials, the plastic deformation of material in the process of abrasive plowing, and the shear strain effect of material during the process of cutting chips formation. The model was finally validated by the orthogonal grinding experiment of powder metallurgy nickel-based superalloy FGH96 by using the electroplated CBN abrasive wheel. Grinding force values of prediction and experiment were in good consistency. The errors of tangential grinding force and normal grinding force were 9.8% and 13.6%, respectively. The contributions of sliding force, plowing force and chip formation force were also analyzed. In addition, the tangential forces of sliding, plowing and chip formation are 14%, 19% and 11% of the normal forces on average, respectively. The pro-posed grinding force model is not only in favor of optimizing the grinding parameters and improving grinding efficiency, but also contributes to study some other grinding subjects (e.g. abrasive wheel wear, grinding heat, residual stress).     

基于响应曲面法的成型CBN砂轮高频感应钎焊温度均匀性研究

成型砂轮在高频感应钎焊过程中存在温度分布不均匀导致钎焊质量无法满足使用要求，这是长期困扰超硬磨料砂轮高频感应钎焊技术的难题。针对该问题，提出温度均匀性的表征方法，以温度均匀度和平均温度为响应值，基于有限元仿真数据获得了响应曲面法模型。基于该模型，采用方差分析成型砂轮感应钎焊温度均匀性的影响因素显著程度由大到小依次为加热间隙、感应电流、导磁体长度。以平均温度值和温度均匀度为优化目标，基于响应曲面法优化线圈结构和工艺参数，开展了感应加热试验，证明响应曲面法模型优化结果的误差在6.94%以内。高频感应钎焊的成型立方氮化硼（cubic boron nitride，CBN）砂轮宏观形貌显示，钎料在成型面各处铺展的一致性好，表明钎焊过程中在成型面的温度分布具有较好的均匀性。