孔隙预置技术制备多孔C/SiC复合材料及其性能表征

以玻璃纤维为成孔剂,采用孔隙预置技术制备了发汗多孔C/SiC复合材料.对孔隙结构进行了表征,并研究了材料的力学性能和渗透行为.研究结果表明,采用孔隙预置技术能够有效地实现多孔 C/SiC材料开孔率和孔隙结构控制,该材料具有良好的力学性能和渗透性能.     

固体药柱超声波特征扫描系统研制

对固体火箭发动机药柱的超声检测方法进行了研究,介绍了超声特征扫描成像原理及缺陷检测方法,研制了药柱超声波特征扫描系统,并用低频组合探头对药柱进行了检测.试验表明,设计的超声特征扫描系统可采用幅度成像、深度成像方法显示药柱的缺陷.     

Dynamic analysis of C/C composite finger seal

A seal device as an important component of aeroengines has decisive influence on per- formance, reliability, and working life of aeroengines. With the development of aeroengines, demands on the performance characteristics of seal devices are made strictly. Finger seal as a novel kind of sealing device, recently attracts more and more attentions in academic circles and engineer- ing fields at home and abroad. Research on finger seals has been extensively developed, especially on leakage and wear performances under dynamic conditions. However, it is a pity that the work on finger seals has been limited with a single approach that is improving the performance by structural optimization; in addition, the technology of dynamic analysis on finger seals is weak. Aiming at the problems mentioned above, a distributed mass equivalent dynamic model of finger seals considering the coupling effect of overlaid laminates is established in the present paper, the dynamic perfor- mance of 2.5 dimension C/C composite finger seal is analyzed with the model, and then the effects of fiber bundle density and fiber bundle preparation direction on finger seal＇s dynamic performance are discussed, as well as compared with those of Co-based alloy finger seal. The current work is about dynamic analysis of finger seals and application of C/C composite in this paper may have much academic significance and many engineering values for improving research level of finger seal dynamics and exploring feasibility of C/C composite being used for finger seals.     

C/C-SiC复合材料致密度影响因素

利用先驱体转化法制备C/C-SiC复合材料,对试样进行微观结构分析和性能测试,研究渗硅温度、保温时间、真空度和裂解周期对C/C-SiC复合材料致密度的影响。结果表明:随着渗硅温度的升高,材料的致密度呈先加速升高后快速下降趋势;随着保温时间的延长,材料的致密度先快速升高,保持一段时间稳定后再缓慢降低;随着烧结真空度的提高,材料的致密度加速升高;随着裂解周期的增加,材料的致密度不断增大,但增速逐步降低。经过11周期的“浸渍-固化-裂解”过程后,所制备的C/C-SiC复合材料获得最大密度2.09 g/cm3、最小孔隙率7.6%,其综合力学性能最为优异:弯曲强度468 MPa、拉伸强度242 MPa、断裂韧度19.6 MPa?m1/2、维氏硬度17.2 GPa。     

基于传热反问题方法的N_2O/C_2H_4预混推进剂燃烧室热流测量研究

测量液体火箭发动机的热载荷是获取燃烧室内部信息的重要方法。为了获取N_2O/C_2H_4预混推进剂燃烧室内壁的热载荷,建立了液体火箭发动机的热流计算的反问题方法,该方法基于对燃烧室壁面温度场的直接求解,通过对轴向多个位置测量温度的反演计算得到燃烧室内壁热流和温度。研究表明:应用文中建立的传热反问题方法能够较为准确地获得热流随时间及空间的分布;热电偶的位置对计算准确性有明显的影响,与理论深度偏差在0.2mm以内的随机深度偏差可导致超过4%热流反演误差;N_2O/C_2H_4预混推进剂燃烧室热流及温度沿轴向逐渐降低,表明燃烧室内的反应释热过程主要在燃烧室头部附近发生。     

C/SiC复合材料紧固件拉-拉疲劳行为研究

为了研究C/SiC复合材料紧固件的拉-拉疲劳行为,在疲劳应力比为0. 1、加载频率为10 Hz的条件下对不同应力水平的疲劳寿命进行统计。采用断口分析和金相分析方法对C/SiC复合材料螺钉疲劳破坏的细观机制进行了研究。结果表明:C/SiC复合材料螺钉拉-拉疲劳包含拉断疲劳及拉脱疲劳两种失效形式;基于双参数幂指数形式的寿命模型,两种失效形式的疲劳寿命经验公式相似;C/SiC复合材料螺钉的疲劳极限约为拉伸强度的65%～70%,若最大疲劳应力大于0. 7σmax,其材料损伤随循环次数增多而明显增大。     

C/SiC复合材料螺旋铣削与钻削制孔效果对比

采用PCD刀具对C/SiC复合材料螺旋铣削与钻削制孔的制孔效果进行了对比研究。在同等加工效率条件下测量了两种制孔方法产生的切削力及切削热,并观察制孔质量。试验结果表明:螺旋铣孔产生的轴向力小于钻孔,约为钻孔的56.9%;孔壁粗糙度及孔径差均小于钻削;钻孔产生的切削热少于螺旋铣削制孔,约占螺旋铣的58.7%,但螺旋铣产生的切削热对材料及刀具的影响小。     

针刺C/C复合材料拉伸强度及渐进失效数值预测

基于金相显微镜观测的针刺C/C复合材料细观结构,考虑材料内部纤维的真实分布,建立了针刺C/C复合材料单胞模型。采用Linde失效准则,考虑纤维渐进损伤对材料进行了刚度折减,通过引入周期性位移边界条件,对针刺C/C复合材料的拉伸破坏进行了有限元法（FEM）数值模拟,分析了单胞模型的渐进失效过程,并预测了材料的拉伸强度。开展了针刺C/C复合材料拉伸试验,采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察了材料的断口形貌,数值预测结果与试验吻合良好。针刺C/C复合材料受拉伸载荷后发生准脆性断裂,拉伸应力-应变曲线呈双线性,0°无纬碳布发生纤维断裂和基体开裂破坏,90°无纬碳布出现横向基体劈裂,最终断裂发生在针刺纤维与面内无纬碳布交叉区域。     

Prediction of cutting forces in ball-end milling of 2.5D C/C composites

Machining of carbon/carbon (C/C) composite materials is difficult to carry out due to its high specific stiffness, brittleness, anisotropic, non-homogeneous and low thermal conductivity, which can result in tear, burr, poor surface quality and rapid wear of cutters. Accurate and fast pre-diction of cutting forces is important for milling C/C composite materials with high quality. This paper presents an alternative cutting force model involving the influences of the directions of fiber. Based on the calculated and experimental results, the cutting forces’ coefficients of 2.5D C/C com-posites are evaluated using multiple linear regression method. Verification experiment has been car-ried out through a group of orthogonal tests. Results indicate that the proposed model is reliable and can be used to predict the cutting forces in ball-end milling of 2.5D C/C composites.     

C/SiC复合材料反射镜研究进展

反射镜在空间光学系统中起着非常关键的作用,目前已发展到第四代C/SiC复合材料。C/SiC复合材料具有低密度、高模高强、结构设计灵活等优点,已成为非常重要的新型反射镜材料。本文对四代反射镜的特点进行了归纳和对比,对C/SiC复合材料反射镜的结构设计、几种常用的制备工艺进行了整理和总结,并对目前国内外的研究进展进行了综述。