碳纳米管复合材料在航空航天中的应用

文章介绍了碳纳米管技术的研究进展情况,包括合成制备、化学分子结构、独特性能及应用前景。重点介绍了碳纳米管增强复合材料的研究进展,并提出和讨论了碳纳米管复合材料在航空航天应用的一些重要研究课题。尽管碳纳米管复合材料在航空航天领域显示了非常好的发展前景,但一些关键技术仍有待深入研究。     

基于无线激光通信的转子参数遥测方法研究

为了满足航空发动机转子、直升机旋翼等旋转部件动态参数的高速实时采集需求,提出了一种基于无线激光通信的旋转部件非接触参数遥测方法,并给出了基于该方法的参数遥测系统总体方案.重点研究了光电数据传输通道中发射激光器的信号驱动、光电探测器的信号放大及串行/解串器等关键电路的设计方法.设计了理论最大传输速率达622 Mb/s的无线激光通信收发模块,并测试了收发模块的实际性能.最后,研制了参数遥测试验样机,该样机在旋转状态下的数据传输率达300 Mb/s,满足航空发动机转子的动态参数遥测要求.      

针板结构内壁面的换热特性研究

应用瞬态液晶测温技术对一种层板（针板）内壁面进行了详细的换热特性研究,实验分别测量了孔间距与冲击孔径比（S/D）为3.2,4.5和5.9,冲击雷诺数Re范围为10 000～40 000下的内表面换热特性,同时和传统层板换热特性进行了对比分析.研究结果表明:针板内壁面平均传热系数随着Re的增加而增大,随着孔间距增大而减小;同时给出了靶面和冲击面的平均努塞尔数Nu与冲击雷诺数Re及孔径比S/D的数学拟合准则式.      

Z-pin增强复合材料帽型加筋壁板接头拉伸性能

为了提高复合材料帽型加筋壁板结构中筋条与蒙皮界面处的连接强度,引入Z-pin三维增强技术。制备了Z-pin增强帽型接头试样,并对其进行拉伸试验,研究Z-pin对帽型接头界面增强机理及不同Z-pin体积分数、直径及加载跨距对筋条与蒙皮界面处连接性能的影响规律。结果表明:Z-pin直径为0.5 mm、植入角度为90°时,在体积分数0%~1.0%范围内,Z-pin增强帽型接头拉伸强度随着体积分数的增加而增加,增长趋势随体积分数增加而减缓,含1.0% Z-pin增强帽型接头比未增强接头强度提高了31.2%,在体积分数1.0%~1.5%范围内,Z-pin增强帽型接头拉伸强度呈降低趋势;Z-pin直径对帽型接头拉伸强度影响不显著;随着加载跨距的增加,含0.5%(直径0.5 mm)Z-pin增强帽型接头伴随有失效模式转变,拉伸强度呈现降低趋势。     

200N Cf/SiC复合材料推力器研制

为了研制Cf/SiC复合材料推力器,对Cf/SiC复合材料物理性能进行了试验研究,测试了Cf/SiC复合材料在空间复杂环境下的适应性及力学性能;采用化学气象沉积法制备抗氧化涂层;采用自动缠绕成型工艺制备Cf/SiC复合材料喷管;采用Ti-Ni复合钎料进行了高温钎焊试验,获得了最优的钎焊工艺参数,完成了Cf/SiC复合材料与金属铌的钎焊连接;制备了试验样机并进行了热试车考核.结果表明,Cf/SiC复合材料在经历各种空间环境后,仍可保持良好的力学性能,涂层具有较好的抗氧化能力.热试车过程中,稳态试车室压平稳,脉冲工作时,推力器响应迅速,脉冲一致性好;燃烧效率达到设计要求,钎焊缝结构完好,Cf/SiC复合材料喷管无明显烧蚀,热试车圆满成功.     

基于Kalman滤波的GPS/INS接收机自适应干扰抑制方法

 考虑到惯导信息辅助GPS(GPS/INS)接收机对干扰抑制实时性的要求,提出一种基于Kalman滤波的GPS/INS接收机自适应干扰抑制方法。自适应广义旁瓣相消(GSC)多采用低复杂度最小均方(LMS)算法更新权矢量,收敛速率较低,严重时会导致接收机定位中断。首先利用Householder变换构建GSC下支路的阻塞矩阵,用于阻塞任意二维阵型阵列接收的期望信号;再用Kalman滤波自适应更新下支路权矢量,从而有效提高阵列输出信干噪比(SINR)。理论分析和仿真结果说明本文方法可有效抑制干扰对接收机的影响,且具有实时性高的特点。     

Performability analysis of avionics system with multilayer HM/FM using stochastic Petri nets

The integrated modular avionics (IMA) architecture is an open standard in avionics industry, in which the number of functionalities implemented by software is greater than ever before. In the IMA architecture, the reliability of the avionics system is highly affected by the software applications. In order to enhance the fault tolerance feature with regard to software application failures, many industrial standards propose a layered health monitoring/fault management (HM/FM) scheme to periodically check the health status of software application processes and recover the malfunctioning software process whenever an error is located. In this paper, we make an analytical study of the HM/FM system for avionics application software. We use the stochastic Petri nets (SPN) to build a formal model of each component and present a method to combine the components together to form a complete system model with respect to three interlayer query strategies. We further investigate the effectiveness of these strategies in an illustrative system.     

基于伪距/伪距率的组合导航系统仿真

在GPS／SINS组合导航系统的研究中,对基于位置,速度组合模式的研究相对成熟,而基于伪距,伪距率组合模式的研究相对较少。而基于伪距,伪距率的组合导航系统研究中又以协方差仿真居多,基于仿真数据和实测数据的研究更少。文章对基于伪距,伪距率的GPS／SINS组合导航系统进行仿真研究,建立了系统各模块的数学模型并进行Matlab仿真;然后,设定系统中各项参数,获得仿真数据;对同一组仿真数据进行基于伪距,伪距率和基于位置,速度的导航计算,并将计算结果对比研究。由实验结果可知：与基于位置／黻的组合模式相比,基于伪距,伪距率的组合模式具有更高的导航精度。     

A point-wise least squares spectral analysis (LSSA) of the Caspian Sea level fluctuations,using TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 observations

The Caspian Sea has displayed considerable fluctuations in its water level during the past century. Knowledge of such fluctuation is vital for understanding the local hydrological cycles, climate of the region, and construction activities within the sea and along its shorelines. This study established a point-wise satellite altimetry approach to monitor the fluctuations of the Caspian Sea using a complete dataset of TOPEX/Poseidon for the period 1993 to the middle of 2002, and its follow-on Jason-1 for the period 2002 to August 2009. Therefore, 280 virtual time-series were constructed to monitor the fluctuations. The least squares spectral analysis (LSSA) method is, then employed to find the most significant frequencies of the time-series, while the statistical method of principle component analysis (PCA) is applied to extract the dominant variability of level variations. The study also used the observations of TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 over the Volga River along with 5 years of Volga’s water discharge to study its influence on the Caspian Sea level changes. The LSSA results indicate that the lunar semidiurnal (M2) and the Sun semidiurnal (S2) frequencies are the main tidal frequencies of the Caspian Sea with the mean amplitude of 4.2 and 2.8 cm, respectively. A statistically significant long-term frequency (12.5-years period) is also found from altimetry and tide gauge observations. A phase lag, related to the inter-annual frequencies of the Volga River was detected from the point-wise time-series showing level propagation from the northwest to the southeast of the sea. The cross-correlation between the power spectrum of Volga and that of the northern-most, middle, and southern-most points within the Caspian Sea were respectively 0.63, 0.51 and 0.4 of zero-lag correlation, corroborating the influence of the Volga River. The result of PCA also shows that different parts of the Caspian Sea exhibit different amplitudes of level variations, indicating that the point-wise approach, when employing all available satellite measurements could be a suitable method for a preliminary monitoring of this inland water resource as it gives accurate local fluctuations.