水杨酸对盐胁迫下沙冬青幼苗抗氧化酶活性及PSⅡ光化学效率的影响

濒危植物沙冬青Ammopiptanthus mongolicus为亚洲中部荒漠地区唯一的常绿阔叶灌木,具有较高的保护和园林绿化价值.为了解水杨酸对沙冬青在盐胁迫下的缓解作用,使用水培方法培养沙冬青幼苗,测定其在w=1.3%NaCl胁迫下经不同浓度水杨酸处理后的抗氧化酶活性、PSⅡ光化学效率及其他与植物抗性有关的生理指标的变化.结果表明,0.5 mmol·L~(-1)水杨酸处理下,根和茎叶鲜质量比盐胁迫组分别提高了100%和85%,总叶绿素含量达到盐胁迫组的1.3倍;而1 mmol·L~(-1)水杨酸可使根和茎叶鲜质量均提高90%,总叶绿素含量达到盐胁迫组的1.7倍.这2种浓度的水杨酸均可使叶绿素荧光参数恢复到正常对照水平.水杨酸可以显著增强超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,其中1.0 mmol·L~(-1)水杨酸处理下叶片与根部SOD酶活性分别比盐胁迫组升高了54%和68%;POD酶活性则分别提高了80%和117%,均显著高于对照组与盐胁迫组.同时,水杨酸还抑制了过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,减少丙二醛积累,从而缓解NaCl对沙冬青的胁迫.但是水杨酸浓度过高(达到2.0 mmol·L~(-1)),沙冬青幼苗生长即受到抑制,各项生理指标均低于单纯盐胁迫下的幼苗.综合各项生理指标,水杨酸1 mmol·L~(-1)的施用效果优于0.5 mmol·L~(-1).     

高性能M40J/BADCy复合材料的研究

对E51环氧树脂改性双酚A型氰酸酯(BADCy)体系的力学性能及热性能进行了研究,发现当E51环氧树脂的质量含量为5%时,改性体系的弯曲强度和冲击强度分别由原来的95.6MPa和9.24kJ/m²提高到了117.8MPa和12.6kJ/m²,而热变形温度仅下降8℃。以该改性体系为基体制作的M40J复合材料,其弯曲强度、模量和剪切强度分别高达:1270MPa,172GPa,68 9MPa。消泡剂BYK141能提高M40J/BADCy复合材料的力学性能,层间剪切强度可提高到77.1MPa。M40J/BADCy复合材料还具有良好的耐环境能力,是一种理想的航空航天结构材料。     

氰酸酯/环氧树脂的湿热老化机理

采用热失重、热机械分析、正电子淹没技术(PAL)对氰酸酯/环氧树脂体系湿热老化前后的性能进行了测试,对体系的吸水机理进行了研究。结果表明:该体系的吸水率为1.8%,湿热老化后对体系的热失重温度没有影响,体系的储存模量降低了95MPa,Tg降低了约7℃,损耗峰变宽并向低温方向移动。湿热老化后自由体积尺寸减小,自由体积浓度增大,体系中的水分起着增塑剂的作用,导致基体中形成更多的微裂纹。     

有机锡化合物催化氰酸树脂的性能

采用有机锡化合物作为氰酸酯树脂的固化反应催化剂,评价了催化剂对固化树脂的力学性能、耐热性、吸水率以及对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明加入有机锡催化剂后,氰酸酯固化树脂和复合材料具有优良的性能,其中固化树脂的弯曲强度为124MPa,冲击强度为12 6kJ/m²,玻璃化转变温度为258℃,复合材料的弯曲强度为742 6MPa,层间剪切强度为72 3MPa。这表明在有机锡化合物的催化作用下,氰酸酯充分表现出了高性能树脂基体的特性,同时也说明有机锡是氰酸酯固化反应的有效催化剂。     

新型改性氰酸酯及其复合材料性能

采用新型催化剂、增韧剂制得了一种改性氰酸酯树脂,对新型改性氰酸酯树脂的工艺性、耐热性、力学性能进行了评价,并对其复合材料的介电、力学性能进行了研究。结果表明新型改性氰酸酯树脂具有良好的工艺性,适合热熔法制备预浸料;树脂及其复合材料的力学及介电性能优良,可在180℃下使用,适合高性能透波材料和高频电路板使用。     

热镀锌钢板钼酸盐—单宁酸钝化研究

采用钼酸盐—单宁酸复合钝化工艺对热镀锌钢板进行了钝化处理。硫酸铜点滴实验表明,采用钼酸盐—单宁酸复合钝化的镀锌钢板的耐蚀性与单一钼酸盐钝化的耐蚀性相当。测试了镀锌钢板在0.5mol/L的NaCl溶液中钝化前后的极化曲线、电化学交流阻抗谱。结果表明:经钼酸盐、单宁酸、钼酸盐—单宁酸钝化的样品腐蚀电流密度分别为4.95×10-5、9.80×10-5和1.47×10-4A cm-2。电化学阻抗谱表明,单宁酸加入钼酸盐中,其钝化样品耐蚀性能有所下降。简要探讨了钼酸盐—单宁酸复合钝化机理。     

Effect of condensation agents and minerals for oligopeptide formation under mild and hydrothermal conditions in related to chemical evolution of proteins

The role of condensation agents and minerals for oligopeptide formation was inspected to see whether minerals possess catalytic activity under mild and hydrothermal conditions. Under mild conditions, oligopeptide formation from negatively charged amino acids (Asp and Glu) using different minerals and the elongation of alanine oligopeptides ((Ala)₂–(Ala)₅) were attempted using apatite minerals. Oligo(Asp) up to 10 amino acid units from Asp were observed in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide (EDC). Notable influence of minerals was not detected for the oligo(Asp) formation. Oligo(Asp) was gradually degraded by the further incubation in the presence of EDC in both the absence and presence of minerals. The formation of oligo(Glu) was less efficient in the presence of carbonyldiimidazole. The elongation from (Ala)₃, (Ala)₄, and (Ala)₅ and the formation of diketopiperazine from (Ala)₂ proceeded immediately in the presence of EDC in the meantime of the sample preparations. In addition, it was unexpected that the disappearance of the products and the reformation of the reactants occurred by the further incubation for 24 h; for instance, (Ala)₅ decreased but (Ala)₄ increased with increasing the reaction time in the reaction of (Ala)₄ with EDC. These facts suggest that the activation of the reactant amino acids or peptides immediately occurs. Under the simulated hydrothermal conditions, EDC did not enhance the formation of oligopeptides from Asp, Glu or Ala nor the spontaneous formation of (Ala)₅ from (Ala)₄.     

酸性铬兰k褪色指示反应动力学光度法测定微量铬

本文研究了在硫酸介质中，微量铬催化过硫酸钾氧化酸性铬兰K裉色的指示反应，确立了催化动力学测定铬（Ⅵ）的新方法。该法检出极限为7．79％10^-6g.L^-1，测定线性范围0－8．0μg／50mL Cr（Ⅵ），本法已用于电镀废水中铬（Ⅵ）的测定。     

焦磷酸锰引发丙烯酸——丙烯酰胺——淀粉接枝共聚反应研究

以〔Mn(H2 P2 O7) 3〕3- 作为引发剂 ,引发丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺与淀粉接枝共聚反应 ,研究了引发剂浓度、单体浓度配比、反应时间、反应温度等因素对接枝共聚反应的影响 ,结果表明 :引发剂浓度为 2 .7× 10 - 3mol/L ,单体浓度配比 (丙烯酸 :丙烯酰胺 )为 1∶1,反应温度为 5 0℃左右 ,反应时间为 5h时 ,接枝效率较高     

T cell regulation in microgravity – The current knowledge from in vitro experiments conducted in space,parabolic flights and ground-based facilities

Dating back to the Apollo and Skylab missions, it has been reported that astronauts suffered from bacterial and viral infections during space flight or after returning to Earth. Blood analyses revealed strongly reduced capability of human lymphocytes to become active upon mitogenic stimulation. Since then, a large number of in vitro studies on human immune cells have been conducted in space, in parabolic flights, and in ground-based facilities. It became obvious that microgravity affects cell morphology and important cellular functions. Observed changes include cell proliferation, the cytoskeleton, signal transduction and gene expression. This review gives an overview of the current knowledge of T cell regulation under altered gravity conditions obtained by in vitro studies with special emphasis on the cell culture conditions used. We propose that future in vitro experiments should follow rigorous standardized cell culture conditions, which allows better comparison of the results obtained in different flight- and ground-based experiment platforms.