飞机环控系统引气分系统动态性能分析

对某型飞机的环控系统引气部分进行了动态性能分析，并作了实验研究。实验结果表明，模型计算值和实验值符合较好，该模型对环空系统引气分系统有很好的实用价值。     

我国低Cr高W系列铸造镍基高温合金的发展与应用

介绍了20世纪60年代以来我国五家研究机构共同研制低Cr高W铸造镍基高温合金的研究背景和发展历程.通过对300余炉合金成分和铸造工艺的调整,深化了对C,B,Zr,Co和Nb等元素在合金中作用的认识,对合金中α-W、初生M6C、初生μ相和Ni5Zr等反常相的形成条件、有害作用以及避免措施作了深入研究,最终开发出了K19,K19H,K20,K21和601低Cr高W系列合金,在1000～1100℃温度范围内合金的高温承温能力比同年代合金高10～30℃.但是该系列合金最终没有在航空发动机上得到应用,由此引发的思考也在文中加以论述.     

基于直接模拟蒙特卡洛方法的真空羽流不确定量化研究

真实流动环境下的真空羽流必然存在着各种不确定性,那么确定性输入条件的数值模拟必然会存在偏差,因此需进一步研究不确定性对羽流流动特征的影响规律。本文采用直接模拟蒙特卡洛(DSMC)方法,对不确定性输入的羽流流场进行模拟;采用稀疏的概率配置点方法对来流、壁面及模型参数等输入不确定量进行描述,对不确定性的传播和输出目标的平均值、方差及不确定度进行计算。研究表明,流场不确定性沿流线传播至流速最大处之后迅速增强,并在声速线前出现骤减的现象;传播至声速线之后,挡板壁面输入不确定性的影响凸显。其中最为显著的是,压力不确定度在挡板驻点位置达到全场最大值,约为输入不确定量(3.54%)的2.1倍。此外,温度跳跃不确定度受到壁面温度不确定性输入的限制而近似保持为一个恒定值,约为输入不确定度的0.8倍。进而,壁面热流不确定度(5.54%)比壁面正应力不确定度(6.25%)略小,切应力不确定度最小(5.07%)。Sobol’全局敏度分析表明,喉道速度和喉道压力的输入不确定性对气动力/热不确定度的贡献是最大的,且远远超过了壁面温度和模拟分子直径不确定性输入的贡献。     

激光点焊工艺参数对止推箔片轴承接头组织与性能的影响

止推箔片轴承是航空陀螺仪中的重要支撑元件,为了提高支承面的耐磨性及耐腐蚀性,通常会在支承面涂覆特氟龙涂层,该涂层的添加给后续的制造工艺带来不确定性。研究激光点焊工艺参数对止推箔片轴承接头组织与性能的影响,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、电子精密拉伸仪、超声检测等分析方法,对焊缝表面成形、接头显微组织及力学性能进行分析。结果表明:焊点表面直径随脉冲功率的增加而增大,而抗拉剪力随热输入量的增加先增大后减小;激光点焊制造的优化工艺参数为脉冲功率百分比22%、脉冲宽度5.0ms,抗拉剪力达最大值63.0N;超声波浸液检测能够精确测定搭接界面的尺寸,但抗拉剪力与界面尺寸不完全成正比关系,接头的抗拉剪力主要与接头的断裂机制有关。     

KH550改性纳米晶纤维素增强三元乙丙橡胶

纳米晶纤维素(NCC)由于其独特的性能被广泛应用于聚合物中,但表面羟基限制了其在疏水性聚合物中的应用。对此本文采用3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)对NCC进行改性,以改善其与三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)的相容性。傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)、XRD测试结果表明:KH550可实现对NCC的改性,并能够保持原有晶体结构不被破坏,EPDM胶料的硫化和力学性能测试结果表明改性NCC的加入促进了胶料的硫化,在改性NCC添加量为6份时,EPDM硫化胶的综合力学性能最佳。     

Effects of FDM-3D printing parameters on mechanical properties and microstructure of CF/PEEK and GF/PEEK

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) has unique advantages in the rapid prototyping of thermoplastics which have been developed in diverse fields. However, although great efforts have been made to optimize FDM process, the mechanical properties of printed parts are limited by the weak interlamination bonding as well as the poor performance of raw filaments used, such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA). Adding fibers into thermoplastic matrix and preparing high-performance filaments have been indicated to enhance the properties of fabricated parts. Recently, heat-resistant polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and its fiber reinforced composites were proposed for FDM process due to overcoming the limitation of equipment and process. However, few researches have been reported on the effects of FDM-3D printing parameters on the mechanical properties of fiber reinforced PEEK composites. Therefore, 5wt% carbon fiber (CF) and glass fiber (GF) reinforced PEEK composite filaments were prepared respectively in this study. The effects of various printing parameters including nozzle temperature, platform temperature, printing speed and layer thickness on the mechanical properties (including tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength) were surveyed. To analyze the microstructure and failure reasons of printed CF/PEEK and GF/PEEK samples, the tensile fractured surfaces were investigated via scanning electron microscope (SEM).     

Evaluation and utilization of CloudSat and CALIPSO data to analyze the impact of dust aerosol on the microphysical properties of cirrus over the Tibetan Plateau

The present study elucidates on the evaluation of two versions (V3 and V4.10) of vertical feature mask (VFM) and aerosol sub-types data derived from the Cloud-Aerosol LiDAR and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO), and its utilization to analyze the impact of dust aerosol on the microphysical properties of cirrus over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). In conjunction to the CALIPSO, we have also used the CloudSat data to study the same during the summer season for the years 2007–2010 over the study area 25–40°N and 75–100°E. Compared to V3 of CALIPSO, V4.10 was found to have undergone substantial changes in the code, algorithm, and data products. Intercomparison of both versions of data products in the selected grid between 30–31°N and 83–84°E within the study area during 2007–2017 revealed that the VFM and aerosol sub-types are in good agreement of ～95.27% and ～82.80%, respectively. Dusty cirrus is defined as the clouds mixed with dust aerosols or existing in dust aerosol conditions, while the pure cirrus is that in a dust-free environment. The obtained results illustrated that the various microphysical properties of cirrus, namely ice water content (IWC), ice water path (IWP), ice distribution width (IDW), ice effective radius (IER), and ice number concentration (INC) noticed a decrease of 17%, 18%, 4%, 19%, and 10%, respectively due to the existence of dust aerosol, consistent with the classical “Twomey effect” for liquid clouds. Moreover, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) showed moderate negative correlations between ?0.4 and ?0.6 with the microphysical characteristics of cirrus. As our future studies, in addition to the present work undertaken, we planned to gain knowledge and interested to explore the impact of a variety of aerosols apart from the dust aerosol on the microphysical properties of cirrus in different regions of China.     

用于转子系统的气膜密封阻尼结构稳态特性

针对航空发动机转子既转动又进动的运转情况,推导用于转子系统的带金属橡胶弹性外环的气膜密封阻尼结构(gas film seal damper,GFSD)雷诺方程.基于GFSD运动方程和位移协调关系,建立转子－气膜－金属橡胶三者之间的流固耦合关系,确定稳态压力场求解流程,并提出金属橡胶刚度的定量设计方法.采用有限差分法求解稳态压力场,研究GFSD工作参数和结构参数对稳态特性的影响,为GFSD结构参数设计提供参考,最后与直通式篦齿封严的泄漏量进行比较.结果表明:合理设计金属橡胶刚度能够使GFSD自适应地调节气膜间隙;在保证动压润滑的基础上,选取大长径比、小金属橡胶刚度和密封间隙能够使GFSD具有良好的稳态特性;GFSD的泄漏量远小于直通式篦齿封严,能够满足现代航空发动机中高进出口压比下的封严需要.      

Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Oxidation Resistance of Nb-22Ti-14Si-2Hf-2Al-xCr Alloys

Nb-22Ti-14Si-2Hf-2Al-xCr (x=2, 6, 10, 14, 17 at%) alloys are prepared by arc-melting under argon atmosphere. Microstructural characteristics, mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of the arc-melted alloys are investigated. At 2 at% Cr content, the microstructure is composed of Nbss, Nb3Si and a small quantity of Nb5Si3, when the Cr contents increase, Nb3Si disappears. For the high Cr content (x ≥ 10 at%) alloys, besides the Nbss and Nb5Si3, Cr2Nb is also detected. With the increase of Cr content, the volume fractions of Cr2Nb and Nb5Si3 increase, while that of Nbss increases firstly and then begins to degrade when the Cr content is higher than 6 at%. For the alloy with 2 at% Cr, the room temperature fracture toughness is about 14.5 MPa·m1/2, but badly decreases to about 8.5 MPa·m1/2, when the Cr contents increase. Vickers hardness of Nbss tends to increase linearly from about 400 to 500, while that of silicides is not sensitive to Cr contents, about 950. The appearance of Cr2Nb phase significantly improves the high temperature oxidation resistance of the alloys with high Cr contents. The isothermal oxidation tests show that the oxidation kinetics of the alloys with various Cr contents follows parabolic oxidation kinetics.     

纤维素甘油醚硝酸酯粘合剂及其推进剂的力学性能

利用X-ray衍射、拉伸实验和动态力学性能DMA实验研究了纤维素甘油醚硝酸酯(NGEC)的结晶度、NGEC及其推进剂的力学性能和动态力学性能,借助扫描电镜观察了NGEC基改性双基推进剂的断裂形貌,并通过流动性实验探索了NGEC全部与部分取代NC的改性双基推进剂的热加工工艺性能。结果表明:与NC相比,NGEC的结晶度和力学强度略低、延伸率较高、玻璃化转变温度低且转变温度范围宽;加入NGEC,可降低高固体含量改性双基推进剂的脱湿现象,有利于提高其力学性能;粘合剂体系中NGEC的含量对其改性双基推进剂的玻璃化转变的α松弛影响较大,随着NGEC含量的增加α松弛温度明显降低,而对β松弛的影响较小;与NC相比,NGEC的加入降低了改性双基推进剂的流动性实验出药压力,提高了出药速度,具有良好的热塑性及热加工安全性。