应力对DD5单晶高温合金持久过程中析出相的影响

利用扫描电镜和透射电镜研究了DD5单晶高温合金在持久性能测试过程中试样不同位置析出相的析出规律,分析了应力对析出相析出行为的影响并鉴定了两种析出相的种类。研究结果表明该合金在1 038 ℃/172 MPa条件下随着局部拉应力的增大,枝晶间和枝晶干析出相数量都明显增加;合金在871 ℃/552 MPa条件下只在枝晶间区域析出少量粒状析出相,且随拉应力的增大,析出相数量有所增加;透射电镜分析表明合金的枝晶干区域的析出相主要为μ相,枝晶间析出粒状析出相主要为M₂₃C₆碳化物相。     

Effects of traverse speed on weld formation,microstructure and mechanical properties of ZK60 Mg alloy joint by bobbin tool friction stir welding

ZK60B (Mg-6% Zn-0.6% Zr) alloy joints fabricated by bobbin tool friction stir welding (BTFSW) with various traverse speeds were investigated. The sound joint fabricated by the BTFSW was possible under the appropriate welding parameters. The severe plastic deformation during BTFSW resulted in dispersion and segregation of the Zr-rich particles within the stirred zone (SZ) followed by evolution of a bimodal grain structure with distributed bands of 0.8–1.7 μm ultrafine grains and 4.1–7.1 μm equiaxed grains. Micro-hardness of SZ is substantially reduced in contrast to that of parent metal (PM) in spite of the finer grain size owing to dissolution of Mg-Zn based precipitates having hardening effects on alpha-Mg matrix. With the decrease in traverse speed, randomization degree of the plasticized metal flow increases, which is evidenced by the randomized arc line pattern at the low traverse speed. Among all defect-free joints, the 200 mm/min joint exhibits the weakest isotropy of texture within SZ and the best tensile properties, which has reduced ultimate tensile strength and yield strength by 5.4% and by 22.2%, respectively, as compared to the PM. The randomized texture hinders the joint fracturing within SZ at low elongation. Therefore, a relatively high elongation of 10.8% was achieved, which corresponded to 72% of the PM value.     

Effect of beam current on microstructures and mechanical properties of joints of TZM/30CrMnSiA by electron beam welding

Electron beam welding experiments of TZM alloy and 30CrMnSiA steel butt joints were carried out with different beam currents. Microstructures and chemical compositions of typical zones were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The mechanical properties of the joints were evaluated by tensile strength tests. Besides, nanoindentation tests were carried out to compare the brittleness of the reaction layer and other typical microstructures. The results illustrated that the reaction layer at the interface between fusion zone (FZ) and TZM alloy was the weak position of the joint, which was divided into Fe₂Mo layer and a mixture layer of Fe₂Mo and α-Fe phases. As the beam current increased, the thickness of the Fe₂Mo layer decreased, which resulted in the increasing of the tensile strength of the joints. When the beam current exceeded 24 mA, the formation of the joint was poor with a low tensile strength. When the beam current was 24 mA, the joint presented the highest strength of 191.3 MPa and the joint fractured along the Fe₂Mo layer near the TZM alloy side with a brittle fracture mode.     

空间微波部件内二次电子累积及其与传输特性的关系

针对微放电过程中的电子累积效应,探索二次电子累积对微波部件传输特性的影响,提出二次电子累积“等效介质”的理论模型,通过将电子累积等效为“特殊介质”,从介质的角度探索电子累积对传输特性的影响,推导得到不同电子累积密度所形成不同“等效介质”的相对介电常数。仿真和计算结果表明,微放电过程中,电子累积密度从0增长至10¹⁶/m³数量级时,传输特性基本不发生变化; 但是当电子累积密度达到10¹⁷/m³数量级时,阻抗变换器的通带内回波损耗恶化了15dB;随着电子累积密度继续增大,“等效介质”对电磁波的反射迅速增强,微波部件的传输特性急剧恶化;在电子累积密度达到4×10¹⁷/m³时,电磁波在阻抗变换器中的传输处于完全截止状态。为了进一步探讨导致传输特性恶化的深层原因,发现在电子累积密度达到4×10¹⁷/m³时,在2.5~5GHz的频率范围内,电子累积形成“等效介质”的相对介电常数呈现为负值,电磁波传输截止,“等效介质”表现出单负介电常数超材料的特性,即导致阻抗变换器传输特性恶化的原因是单负介质材料的形成。研究有益于更深入地认识微放电形成过程中的深层物理机理及其对宏观电性能的影响,为寻求更加有效的抑制方法提供理论依据。     

原位自生TiB2/Al基复合材料的制备及性能

在合金的基础上进一步引入纳米陶瓷颗粒,从而制备出颗粒增强金属基复合材料,是提高金属材料综合性能的重要手段。本文从原位自生TiB_2/Al基复合材料的制备方法、不同加工工艺下复合材料的微观组织、复合材料的力学性能三个方面总结了其研究现状,同时展望了原位自生TiB_2/Al基复合材料的发展方向。通过原位自生方法制备出的TiB_2颗粒增强铝基复合材料具有颗粒尺寸小、与基体界面结合良好等优点。通过合金化设计、热加工塑性变形、快速凝固工艺可进一步改善纳米陶瓷颗粒的分散性。相对于外加法制备的金属基复合材料,原位自生TiB_2/Al基复合材料具有更加优异的力学性能,如弹性模量、强度、抗疲劳性能、抗蠕变性能等。     

纺织结构复合材料的细观力学分析

纺织结构复合材料细观力学分析中的若干基本问题是单层几何特性的描述，单元体细观结构的模型、应力应变假设以及强度分析等。对前人在前三个问题上已进行的研究工作作出扼要的回顾，并介绍其当前的技术发展动态，针对这些研究工作中存在的不足之处和未来的发展，提出几点意见。     

SiC/SiC复合材料氧化退化研究进展

从SiC/SiC复合材料氧化行为、氧化环境下的失效机理与力学性能三个方面,对SiC/SiC复合材料氧化退化的研究进展进行了综述。文中总结了影响材料氧化行为的重要因素,包括温度、氧分压、水蒸汽以及界面层厚度等。详细分析了材料在不同温度范围内的失效机制,即氧化脆化是SiC/SiC复合材料在中温范围内的重要失效机制,材料在高温下的失效主要是由纤维强度退化、蠕变及界面氧化引起的。总结出:界面氧化消耗、纤维性能退化是引起材料力学性能退化的关键因素,指出了目前研究中存在的问题和发展方向。     

A refined design method for precoolers with consideration of multi-parameter variations based on low-dimensional analysis

The precooler is a distinctive component of precooled air-breathing engines but constitutes a challenge to conventional thermal design methods. The latter are based upon assumptions that often reveal to be limited for precooler design. In this paper, a refined design method considering the variations of fluid thermophysical properties, flow area and thermal parameters distortion,was proposed to remediate their limitations. Firstly, the precooler was discretized into a fixed number of sub-microtu...     

双探针法测量月壤热物性参数的影响因素分析

针对双探针法测量月壤热物性过程,建立了探针与月壤组成的多层介质在太阳辐照加 热与月表辐射散热作用下的二维非稳态传热模型。通过数值模拟,分析了探针长度、直径、 中心间距和加热功率等因素对测量结果的影响。结果表明,若月壤导热系数在0.01W／
(m·K)左右,则月壤的弱导热性是双探针探测设计中需考虑的主要因素。在上述分析的基 础上,设计了双探针结构,对一导热性能较差的松散介质进行了地面测量实验,通过试错法 反演测量数据得到该介质的热扩散率与导热系数,为进一步应用研究提供了参考。     

丁羟推进剂固化体系中活泼氢组分的反应活性研究

分别对端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)/苯异氰酸酯(PI),键合剂(BA-5)/PI和防老剂H(N,N′—二苯基对苯二胺)/PI在甲苯/二甲基亚砜混合溶液体系中进行了反应动力学研究,计算了相应体系的反应速率和活化能。结果表明,在相同的条件下,这三种体系中活泼氢组分的反应速率由大到小依次为:键合剂(BA-5)上的胺基、HTPB,BA-5上的羟基、防老剂H上的胺基。对上述活泼氢组分构成的四个不同配方用TD I固化并制成胶片,对固化时间不同的胶片进行了单向拉伸和溶胀比测试;力学性能和交联密度变化的结果验证了动力学结果,同时也表明BA-5和防老剂H都能有效提高丁羟推进剂的力学性能。