浸入边界法模拟小圆柱对主圆柱涡脱落的抑制

使用浸入边界法研究了小圆柱对主圆柱涡脱落的抑制.方法中使用非贴体笛儿尔网格,易于处理包含复杂边界的流动问题.采用离散附加力直接加入边界条件方法对虚单元进行重构,使边界条件在浸入边界上精确满足.使用隐式分步法解二维非定常不可压Navier-Stokes方程,通过速度和压力解耦提高计算效率.数值模拟单圆柱绕流及不同位置小圆柱和主圆柱的流动干扰,通过分析流场涡结构和升、阻力系数,得到小圆柱对主圆柱涡脱落的延迟和抑制作用.计算结果与已有实验结论和数值结果对比,计算误差不超过5%,说明浸入边界法可以简单有效地处理圆柱涡脱落抑制这类流动干扰问题.     

先进旋涡燃烧室后钝体开口结构的数值研究

为了研究不同后钝体开口结构对先进旋涡燃烧室(AVC)流场的影响,分别对不同开口角度和开口尺寸的AVC流场进行了数值模拟。结果表明,后钝体开口比不开口有明显的优势,可通过选择合适的后钝体开口角度和开口尺寸来优化AVC,实现低压降的稳定燃烧。后钝体开口结构AVC可有效提高凹腔温度并使温度分布更加均匀。对于本文AVC结构的后钝体,半开口角度θ为50°,开口尺寸为2mm时,AVC综合性能最佳。     

跨声速轴流压气机径向涡现象与失稳机理

对NASA Rotor 37进行数值模拟并与实验结果对比,计算了堵塞点到失稳点的全部工况,详细探究了跨声速轴流压气机附面层分离规律与失稳机理.研究发现:激波后的吸力面附面层中存在一条径向涡,它增强了附面层分离,使部分靠近吸力面的主流向叶尖堆积.随着工况向失稳点推进,压气机转子叶尖出现两块堵塞区,由叶尖泄漏涡与激波作用引起的堵塞区位于压力面前端,由叶尖泄漏涡与径向附面层分离涡耦合作用引起的堵塞区位于吸力面50%弦长后,两块堵塞区的叠加作用最终引起压气机失稳.      

双级对转压气机的失速机理

在对实验室对转压气机进行定常数值模拟的基础上,开展了对转压气机旋转失速机理的初步研究.研究结果表明:①该对转压气机在近失速工况存在突尖波型失速初始扰动;②在近失速点转子2中间隙泄漏涡在三维空间上迅速发展,导致转子2流道严重堵塞,引起压气机内部失稳;③由于转子2叶片排存在较大的气动负荷,其叶顶间隙泄漏涡的发展情况很大程度上决定着对转压气机的稳定性.      

带滑撬无人机的卡门涡街效应研究

在无人机上安装滑撬后,在特定飞行条件下,滑撬出现周期性侧力振荡,本文通过非定常CFD方法研究滑撬绕流的流动机理特征,验证了周期性侧力振荡是由于椭圆形截面滑撬引起的卡门涡街造成,从而为滑撬的设计提供了理论支持。     

采用flamelet模型分析旋流杯燃烧室近贫油熄火点

针对进口温度388 K不变,不同进气速度下对旋流杯燃烧室常压模化实验得到的贫油熄火油气比数据,采用带有详细化学机理的非预混flamelet燃烧模型进行数值模拟,对近贫油熄火点的局部热态流场进行了分析.结果表明:近贫油熄火点时刻,随着油气比的下降,回流涡旋中心和高温度区分离,回流区内气流温度下降,着火点后移,点火距离增加;进气速度的增加和燃油流量的下降,使得回流区回流量增加,回流涡旋中心两侧温差加大,而着火点更靠后,增加了对这种变化的耐受性.      

高速轴流压气机叶尖流动特性试验

为研究压气机转子叶尖流动特性,通过高频动态压力传感器测量其第一级转子壁面静压,录取了多个换算转速下的试验数据,并采用等相位平均方法处理。结果表明:相对换算转速0.6以上槽道激波明显,且随着转速的升高,激波强度增加;叶尖泄漏流动明显,叶片前缘位置最强烈,沿流向逐渐减弱,影响了近1/2弦长、1/3倍叶栅流场;0.7及以上高转速状态下,在叶栅弦长约1/3处,流场的压力突跃脉动峰-峰幅值达到最大,高达15²0 kPa,导致较大的气动激振,叶片需承受较大的周期性气动负荷。     

基于全自由尾涡模型的最佳环量分布风力机叶片气动优化方法

通过优化环量分布,开发了一种快速的风力机叶片气动优化设计方法.方法中引入了全自由尾涡模型,通过并行处理技术和快速多极子方法加速计算.采用傅里叶级数参数化叶片附着涡环量分布,大幅减少了优化变量数目.以风能利用系数为目标函数,以给定轴向力系数为约束条件,获得环量分布后反求得到叶片最优几何参数.最后通过优化美国可再生能源实验室（NREL）实验风轮进行方法验证,结果表明:在约束条件下,当尖速比分别为3.79和4.74时,优化使风轮的风能利用系数分别提升了32%和8%.在无约束条件下,针对不同叶片数和尖速比,分别对原NREL风轮进行全局优化,得到了风能利用系数均超过0.48以上的最优设计.      

Active generalized predictive control of turbine tip clearance for aero-engines

Active control of turbine blade tip clearance continues to be a concern in design and control of gas turbines. Ever increasing demands for improved efficiency and higher operating temperatures require more stringent tolerances on turbine tip clearance. In this paper, a turbine tip clearance control apparatus and a model of turbine tip clearance are proposed; an implicit active generalized predictive control （GPC）, with auto-regressive （AR） error modification and fuzzy adjustment on control horizon, is presented, as well as a quantitative analysis method of robust per- turbation radius of the system. The active clearance control （ACC） of aero-engine turbine tip clear- ance is evaluated in a lapse-rate take-off transient, along with the comparative and quantitative analysis of the stability and robustness of the active tip clearance control system. The results show that the resultant active tip clearance control system with the improved GPC has favorable steadystate and dynamic performance and benefits of increased efficiency, reduced specific fuel consump- tion, and additional service life.     

InvesInvestigation of the Effects of Airfoil-probes on the Aerodynamic Performance of an Axial Compressor

In order to investigate the effects of the airfoil-probes on the aerodynamic performance of an axial compressor,a numerical simulation of 3D flow field is performed in a 1.5-stage axial compressor with airfoil-probes installed at the stator leading-edge(LE).The airfoil-probes have a negative influence on the compressor aerodynamic performance at all operating points.A streamwise vortex is induced by the airfoil-probe along both sides of the blade.At the mid-operating point,the vortex is notable along the pressure side and is relatively small along the suction side(SS).At the near-stall point,the vortex is slightly suppressed in the pressure surface(PS),but becomes remarkable in the suction side.A small local-separation is induced by the interactions between the vortex and the end-wall boundary layer in the corner region near the hub.That the positive pitch angle of the airfoil-probe at 6.5% span is about 15° plays an important role in the vortex evolution near the hub,which causes the fact that the airfoil-probe near the hub has the largest effects among the four airfoil-probes.In order to get a further understanding of the vortex evolution in the stator in the numerical simulation,a flow visualization experiment in a water tunnel is performed.The flow visualization results give a deep insight into the evolution of the vortex induced by the airfoil-probe.