钻尖数控刃磨中的尾隙角研究

通过对尾隙角的分析研究,提出了作用尾隙角的概念,给出了作用尾隙角的计算方法,研究了刃磨参数对作用尾隙角的影响.给出了作用尾隙角在数控刃磨求取刃磨参数中的应用方法.研究表明,尾隙角是关系到钻头钻削性能的重要参数,数控刃磨中的几个刃磨参数对它的影响程度由大至小的次序为θ、C_y、σ、ω、C_x.     

机翼翼尖减阻装置的应用和发展

利用机翼翼尖装置减少机翼诱导阻力是飞机减阻研究的重要组成部分。本文综合介绍了机翼翼尖装置的减阻技术研究的新发展，着重讨论了“翼尖帆片”、“小翼”以及“剪切翼尖”三种典型的翼尖装置的减阻原理、特性和设计技术的研究以及应用情况。研究结果指出，在接近设计条件下，上述翼尖装置与“翼尖延伸”相比，在减少诱导阻力方面将会起到更大的作用。对不同的翼尖装置的比较和分析结果表明，复杂的“翼尖帆片”将比“小翼”和“剪     

跨声速风扇转子叶尖间隙效应的数值研究

对某三级跨声速风扇第一级转子带叶尖间隙的三维流动进行了数值模拟,分析了6种不同叶尖间隙下转子的性能和失速裕度,发现转子在无间隙时总压比和等熵效率最高。随着叶尖间隙的增加,峰值等熵效率一直降低。当间隙很小时,叶尖间隙的变化对效率的影响并不是很明显。而转子的失速裕度与叶尖间隙的大小并不存在单调的关系,在0.434%叶尖间隙弦长比时达到最大值,此时的等熵效率和压比均很高,说明存在着最佳间隙。     

时变磨损间隙对机构可靠性的动态影响

为克服磨损速率恒定和磨损影响因素随机性假设带来的不足,并准确预测机构磨损可靠性的动态变化过程,利用等效弹簧阻尼接触碰撞力模型和磨损过程离散化方法,建立了关节间隙的时变磨损方程;引入PHI2方法、定义上穿率,将时变磨损方程转变成时变可靠性方程,从而提出了含时变间隙多体系统动力学和PHI2方法相结合的磨损可靠性分析方法。以某星载天线双轴定位机构为例,研究了产品可靠性及参数概率灵敏度的动态变化规律,分析了磨损各参数对产品可靠性的影响。结果表明,在稳定磨损阶段结束以前,接触碰撞力是主导因素,其对可靠性的敏感度是其他因素的10倍以上,此后,间隙将超过接触碰撞力,成为新的主导因素;且间隙存在临界情况,在此之前,间隙的适当增大有利于产品可靠性的提高。相比于现有研究强调磨损随机性、忽略磨损过程的非线性变化和间隙时变对可靠性的影响,所提方法能准确预示磨损及可靠性的动态变化过程。     

转、静子径向间隙数字化检测技术研究

随着航空发动机的不断发展,现有的间隙测量技术已经不能完全满足装配精度要求,测量技术亟待提升。利用电容式非接触测量原理研制出的同轴度检测设备,能够满足新型发动机对装配精度的要求。经试验验证,此种测量技术不仅达到了提高发动机装配过程中转、静子间隙检测精度的目的,还具有较强的适应性,可以推广到多种型号发动机上使用,为发动机数字化柔性装配奠定了基础。     

大弯角串列叶型优化设计与数值分析

以50°弯角多圆弧单列叶栅和串列叶栅为研究对象,应用数值模拟手段对所设计的两类叶栅进行数值分析,获取了其不同来流马赫数条件下的性能和流动细节。应用NSGAⅡ遗传算法结合BP神经网络技术,对串列叶栅的五个关键几何参数进行优化设计,验证了优化方法的可行性。研究结果表明:在全攻角范围内,串列叶栅的静压比都高于单列叶栅,负攻角范围内,串列叶栅损失低于单列叶栅;经过优化,串列叶栅在大负攻角下的性能略有降低,同时改善了正攻角性能,在4°攻角、0.8马赫数时静压比提升4.3%,总压损失系数降低42%;优化后串列叶栅在全工况范围内性能都要优于单列叶栅,并且串列叶栅最大压比点和最小损失点攻角均向右漂移2°。     

X-47B飞翼气动布局设计分析

对X-47B双后掠飞翼布局的气动布局设计进行了研究,分析了前缘后掠角、外翼弦长等平面形状参数对单后掠、双后掠飞翼布局的气动及隐身特性的影响,讨论了内外翼采用不同前缘剖面形状的原因,总结了X-47B无人作战飞机布局的发展历程及详细设计阶段翼尖修形的效果,为飞翼布局飞机的气动隐身设计提供设计参考。     

发动机主动间隙控制系统的应用及发展趋势

为了尽可能减少燃油消耗,并进一步降低使用成本和环境影响,航空发动机需要保持较高的整机效率。由于涡轮间隙严重影响涡轮效率,为消除其不利影响,分析了叶尖间隙形成和变化的机理及主要影响因素,重点综述了3种不同的主动间隙控制系统的控制方法及其技术特点,总结了主动间隙控制在提高整机效率、降低燃油消耗、减少排放、降低维护费用等方面的巨大收益,并对主动间隙控制技术的关键技术和未来发展方向进行了讨论。认为国内需要认识到主动间隙控制技术的重要性并大力开展其关键技术研究。     

Sensitivity of a physically realizable heliogyro root pitch control system to inherent damping models

The heliogyro solar sail employs high aspect ratio blades that are rigidized by spinning about the central spacecraft, eliminating the need for structural booms typically used to tension traditional square sails. The easily scalable heliogyro gains its maneuverability by actuating the blades at their root with sinusoidal pitch profiles. The blade vibration caused by maneuvering must be attenuated using active control since there is little inherent damping in the blade material. Due to the small root pitch control torques required, on the order of 2 µNm, compared to the large friction torques associated with a root pitch actuator, it has only recently been shown that a single blade heliogyro impedance controller can add damping to the lowest frequency torsional modes of the blade in the presence of modeled actuator friction torques. However, the need to measure blade twist away from the actuator at the root creates a non-collocated control system. Some inherent damping at the blade’s higher frequency modes is therefore needed to stably add damping to the larger-magnitude low-frequency modes, hence control design is sensitive to the accuracy of the blade damping model. Recently, damping characterization tests performed on a small-scale heliogyro blade in a high-vacuum chamber invalidated the assumption of a linear viscous torsional blade damping model that was previously used in blade control designs. This paper describes the formulation of three modal damping models based on the new experimental data and their integration into the single blade heliogyro model. A comparison of the robustness and performance envelopes for the baseline proximal blade twist feedback controller using these damping models shows the ability to meet the required settling time of less than 720 s necessary for a heliogyro technology demonstration mission. This comparison of physically realizable root pitch control systems for a heliogyro blade is critical to increasing the sailcraft to Technology Readiness Level three.     

An experimental method for squealer tip flow field considering relative casing motion

Squealer tip is widely used in turbines to reduce tip leakage loss. In typical turbine environment, the squealer tip leakage flow is affected by multiple factors such as the relative casing motion and the wide range of variable incidence angles. The development of experimental methods which can accurately model the real turbine environment and influencing factors is of great significance to study the squealer tip leakage flow mechanism. In the present paper, a low-speed turbine cascade test facility which can model the relative casing motion and wide range of variable incidence angles (−25° to 55°) is built. Based on the similarity criteria, a high-low speed similarity transformation method of the turbine cascade is established by considering the thickness of the turbine blade. A combined testing method of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and local pressure measurement is proposed to obtain the complex flow structures within the tip cavity. The results show that the experimental method can successfully model the relative casing motion and the wide range of variable incidence angles. The low-speed cascade obtained by the similarity transformation can model the high-speed flow accurately. The measurement technique developed can obtain the complex flow field and successfully capture the scraping vortex within the squealer tip.