A new localization theory of adaptive machining of near-net-shape blades

In the fabrication of aero-engine blades, a great deal is gained when massive material removal is avoided at the end of the process, and as little as possible material is left on the blade billet. Due to the uncertainty of pre-process, the billet shapes are inconsistent. Sometimes, the near-net-shape billet doesn’t cover the blade design surface to be cut. Therefore, blade localization is necessary for these billets before the machining. In conventional localization methods, the design surface’s location focused on guaranteeing enough material to be cut. However, because the to-be-cut surface is in near-net and free-form shape, it is difficult to find a valid localized surface model to generate the tool path. Different from the localized surface is taken as rigid in previous investigation, it is allowed to deviate from the design surface no more than the tolerance band. In term of this principle, the tolerance band is utilized to promote localization ability. A series of optimization models with different priorities is established to avoid the abandonment expensive blade billet. Finally, with the experiments performed on the near-net-shape blades, the blade localization theory and the promotion of localization ability are verified.     

双层旋转锥形液膜一次破碎特性数值研究

为了全面加深对锥形液膜一次破碎机理的认识,对双层锥形液膜的雾化过程进行了数值模拟,重点研究了压降和同轴旋转空气对双层液膜宏观形态、液膜破碎模式、液膜破碎长度和喷雾锥角等液膜一次破碎特性的影响。数值计算的喷雾场宏观形态与试验结果接近,喷雾锥角和索特尔平均直径的计算最大误差分别为4.9%、7.4%。研究表明：同轴旋转空气参与雾化会改变喷雾场的整体形态;增大压降和空气速度会改变液膜的破碎模式和主导表面波模式;双层液膜的合并会在液膜表面产生剧烈的表面波动,同时会略微增大液膜的喷雾锥角;液膜的破碎长度会随着压降和同轴旋转空气轴向速度的增大而减小。该研究有助于进一步研究双层液膜一次破碎的机理,从而指导对双路离心式喷嘴的雾化认识。     

雾化气流脉动下乙醇喷雾旋流火焰特性

针对雾化气流脉动条件下乙醇喷雾旋流非稳态燃烧问题,开展了不同雾化流量下乙醇喷雾旋流火焰对雾化气流脉动响应特性的实验研究,揭示了不同脉动频率和脉宽时长下火焰长度和抬升高度的响应特性,获得了乙醇喷雾燃烧在雾化气流脉动条件下的火焰结构、温度分布等动态规律.结果表明:随着雾化流量增加,旋流火焰由附着演化为抬升;此外,雾化气流脉...     

低速离心压气机叶尖小翼设计与扩稳机理研究

为了揭示叶尖小翼对离心压气机气动性能的影响机理,采用数值模拟方法研究了NASA低速离心压气机(LSCC)附加不同叶尖小翼的气动特性,并在分析离心叶轮失稳机制的基础上探究了叶尖小翼的扩稳机理.研究结果表明:平顶型小翼对离心压气机性能影响较小,凹槽型小翼均使得压气机效率有所降低.凹槽型压力面小翼方案使得压气机综合稳定裕度增...     

带冠和冷却小孔涡轮叶片振动特性分析

某发动机第一级涡轮叶片是带有矩形冠和9小孔冷却涡轮叶片,为分析该级叶片振动特性,建立了有限元模型,分析了小孔、均匀温度场和非均匀温度场下、叶冠边界条件等对振动特性的影响。同时,依据共振疲劳损伤寿命理论确定叶冠的最佳间隙值,来增加使用寿命。计算结果表明:在无真实的温度场时,考虑工作时的平均温度是有效的工程处理方法;小孔对叶片振动特性的影响是较微弱的。      

Confinement characteristic of primary electrons with the variation of channel width in the discharge chamber of annular ion thruster

In this paper, the confinement characteristic of primary electrons in the non-axisymmetric discharge chamber of annular ion thruster is investigated by a three-dimensional (3D) non-self-consistent particle tracking model with Monte Carlo Collision (MCC) method. The results show that: The density of primary electrons upstream of ion optics on cathode axis is about 5–50 times higher than that of the other side, which means that the density of primary electrons is obviously non-axisymmetric. The channel width has a significant effect on the average density and uniformity of primary electrons. The average density can be increased by nearly 1.5 times under the appropriate channel width, meanwhile, the variance of density distribution can be reduced by more than 2 times. This is because that increasing the channel width can improve the average confinement length of primary electrons greatly. Furthermore, there is an infection point in the increase of primary electron average confinement length with the channel width, which caused by the significant change of magnetic field structure. Under the case after the inflection point, primary electron mainly (more than 50%) moves to the channel center, which makes the average confinement length of primary electrons and their number in the discharge chamber increase largely.     

航空发动机叶片砂带抛光工艺参数优化

为提高航空发动机叶片砂带抛光后的表面质量,选取影响抛光质量的主要工艺因素砂带粒度、接触力、砂带线速度、进给速度,以抛光后的叶片表面粗糙度作为评价指标,展开叶片砂带抛光工艺参数优化研究.首先,进行抛光工艺试验,基于试验结果采用BP神经网络法建立表面粗糙度与工艺参数之间的预测模型;其次,根据所建立的预测模型,采用遗传算法和粒子群算法对工艺参数进行优化对比,确定最佳工艺参数;最后,对优化后的工艺参数进行试验验证,试验结果表明:采用优化后的工艺参数进行叶片型面抛光,抛光后叶片表面粗糙度明显减小,表面质量得到了显著提高.     

湍流特性对矩形高层建筑风荷载影响的研究

为研究湍流特性对矩形高层建筑风荷载及周围绕流特性的影响,对4种不同地貌条件下9种深宽比的矩形高层建筑进行了风洞测压试验,考察了湍流度与湍流积分尺度对不同深宽比建筑平均、脉动与极值风压,以及横风向气动力谱和流动分离再附特性的影响规律.结果表明,随湍流度增大,分离流更早再附于侧风面上,郊区地貌下再附点出现位置较开阔地貌提前...     

空间柔性充气结构分布式光纤裂纹损伤监测方法

空间柔性充气结构作为一种航天器基本组成单元,在气闸舱、空间居住舱等领域受到越来越多关注。针对此类结构损伤状态的智能辨识,对于目前正在开展的深空与星际探测具有重要意义。为此,本文提出了一种基于分布式光纤传感器的空间充气结构裂纹损伤实时监测技术。借助ANSYS有限元分析方法,数值模拟得到含裂纹损伤的充气结构模型在不同内压载荷作用下的应变响应与分布规律。在此基础上,通过由芳纶编织而成的柔性充气结构表面布置分布式光纤光栅传感网络,实时采集不同位置与程度损伤对应的表面应变分布与变化信息。提取能够表征结构裂纹特征的辨识参量,建立光纤传感器应变响应差值与裂纹损伤长度之间的关系模型,实现裂纹损伤区域定位与损伤长度识别。研究结果表明,本文所提方法具有非视觉测量、实时性好以及多种功能复用等优点,能够为未来空间柔性充气结构服役状态辨识与在轨快速维护提供技术支撑。     

基于时间推进的涡扇发动机整机通流数值模拟

为实现航空发动机整机流场与性能快速分析,基于准三维控制方程模型,开发了整机通流数值模拟程序。程序基于计算流体力学理论,并考虑了引气、冷却和喷油等发动机中的物理现象。为模拟叶片对气流偏转作用,推导了一种鲁棒的无粘叶片力模型,同时采用粘性力模型模拟粘性损失效应。采用该程序对某型双轴分排涡扇发动机一个地面试车工况点进行了整机数值仿真,并与实验数据进行了对比验证。结果表明,所发展程序求解稳定,能够自动捕捉激波,并且可以快速获得完全收敛的航空发动机整机准三维流场,单工况点计算时长不大于30min。其中计算截面平均参数与实验测量偏差不大于8%,符合工程应用精度需求。