高压涡轮冷却叶片叶顶结构气动与传热

开展了叶顶结构及间隙变化对高压涡轮冷却叶片气动与传热性能影响的研究,建立了四种不同叶顶结构的涡轮冷却叶片几何与数值分析模型,进行了高精度流热固耦合分析,得到了不同叶顶结构及间隙对涡轮冷却叶片气动与传热性能影响的数值分析结果。结果表明:不带射流孔叶片随着叶顶间隙的增大,总压损失增加;由于近壁面处存在的涡流,凹槽叶顶结构能够减少叶顶燃气泄漏,阻碍叶顶平面高温燃气的流动与热交换;叶顶射流孔冷却效果明显,能够大幅度降低叶顶平面温度。在相同叶顶间隙下,凹槽射流叶片具有最高的气动性能。     

航线运输驾驶员执照理论培训质量控制体系的构建

航线运输驾驶员对航空理论知识掌握的是否全面和扎实,直接并将持续影响其驾驶技术能力和航空安全水平。建立科学的培训质量控制体系是全面提高航线运输驾驶员执照理论教学质量的客观要求。鉴于此,本文从ATPL培训机构组织体系、ATPL培训质量保证监控体系、ATPL培训质量保证制度体系和ATPL培训质量保证工作流程四个方面构建了航线运输驾驶员执照理论培训质量控制体系。通过该质量控制体系的构建与下一步的实践,将有效提高ATPL理论培训质量,较好地满足中国民航对航线运输驾驶员的用人需求。     

对不同转角扩压叶栅内弯叶片的数值模拟

通过数值模拟,分析了叶片周向弯曲对不同转角的压气机叶栅内分离结构和叶栅损失系数的影响。折转角分别为37,°46°和54°;冲角分别为±5°和±10°,弯角分别为±10,°±20°,±30°。结果表明,在不同折转角下,叶片正弯的表现不同:折转角较小时,正弯增强了吸力面的二次流,叶栅总损失增加;中等折转角时,叶片正弯可以有效遏止角区分离,并改善吸力面分离型态;大折转角时,较小的叶片正弯可以改善流动,但弯角大于20°时,流动重新恶化。反弯使得叶栅内角区分离趋势增加,气动性能明显降低。不同冲角下,弯角对损失影响的变化趋势基本相同,只是正冲角增强了这种趋势,负冲角减弱这种趋势。     

带冠和冷却小孔涡轮叶片振动特性分析

某发动机第一级涡轮叶片是带有矩形冠和9小孔冷却涡轮叶片,为分析该级叶片振动特性,建立了有限元模型,分析了小孔、均匀温度场和非均匀温度场下、叶冠边界条件等对振动特性的影响。同时,依据共振疲劳损伤寿命理论确定叶冠的最佳间隙值,来增加使用寿命。计算结果表明:在无真实的温度场时,考虑工作时的平均温度是有效的工程处理方法;小孔对叶片振动特性的影响是较微弱的。      

A new localization theory of adaptive machining of near-net-shape blades

In the fabrication of aero-engine blades, a great deal is gained when massive material removal is avoided at the end of the process, and as little as possible material is left on the blade billet. Due to the uncertainty of pre-process, the billet shapes are inconsistent. Sometimes, the near-net-shape billet doesn’t cover the blade design surface to be cut. Therefore, blade localization is necessary for these billets before the machining. In conventional localization methods, the design surface’s location focused on guaranteeing enough material to be cut. However, because the to-be-cut surface is in near-net and free-form shape, it is difficult to find a valid localized surface model to generate the tool path. Different from the localized surface is taken as rigid in previous investigation, it is allowed to deviate from the design surface no more than the tolerance band. In term of this principle, the tolerance band is utilized to promote localization ability. A series of optimization models with different priorities is established to avoid the abandonment expensive blade billet. Finally, with the experiments performed on the near-net-shape blades, the blade localization theory and the promotion of localization ability are verified.     

面向性能的压气机叶片铣削加工误差分析及统计

为提高航空发动机压气机叶片的加工质量,对其铣削加工中的质量影响因素进行了分析,包括加工前工艺规划及几何造型等因素、加工过程中变形与稳定性等问题以及加工后的残余应力变形等。针对必然存在的加工误差,提出了一种概率统计方法,并在此基础上对于影响气动性能的叶型关键几何区域,建立了有关轮廓误差和叶型参数误差的统计分析方法。借助于气动性能试验,获得了稳定工况下关键参数的误差分布,从而为指导叶片的实际铣削加工提供了理论依据。     

An investigation on adaptively machining the leading and tailing edges of an SPF/DB titanium hollow blade using free-form deformation

Titanium hollow blades are characterized with lightweight and high structural strength, which are widely used in advanced aircraft engines nowadays. Superplastic forming/diffusion bonding (SPF/DB) combined with numerical control (NC) milling is a major solution for manufacturing titanium hollow blades. Due to the shape deviation caused by multiple heat and pressure cycles in the SPF/DB process, it is hard to manufacture the leading and tailing edges by the milling process. This paper presents a new adaptive machining approach using free-form deformation to solve this problem. The actual SPF/DB shape of a hollow blade was firstly inspected by an on-machine measurement method. The measured point data were matched to the nominal SPF/DB shape with an improved ICP algorithm afterwards, by which the point-pairs between the measurement points and their corresponding points on the nominal SPF/DB shape were established, and the maximum modification amount of the final nominal shape was constrained. Based on the displacements between the point-pairs, an accurate FFD volume was iteratively calculated. By embedding the final nominal shape in the deformation space, a new final shape of the hollow blade was built. Finally, a series of measurement and machining tests was performed, the results of which validated the feasibility of the proposed adaptive machining approach.     

铺层复合材料风扇叶片榫头元件级静强度试验方法

复合材料风扇叶片需要经过积木式多层级验证才能投入使用,元件级试验是其中重要一环.针对铺层复合材料风扇叶片榫头强度问题,研究了榫头元件级静强度试验方法.搭建了榫头元件级静强度试验平台,完成了榫头元件级试样件及其夹具的设计及制造,提出了数据采集、试验流程和试验结果数据分析方法.试验结果表明:榫头元件试样件的失效模式为层间分...     

某型压气机轴流级改型静叶设计

通过对某原型轴流级静叶的分析, 并对轴流压气机设计中采用的端部处理技术进行分析的基础上, 提出了静叶改型设计以及端部处理方案, 并进行了通流计算和造型。对改型设计中的双排静叶参数进行了优化、采用端部处理技术以及任意叶片造型, 提高了轴流级效率。      

高空减压病的气泡体积假说及预吸氧时间同航天服压力的关系

假定减压病的发病率随减压后气泡的体积增加而增加,可以导出减压后组织中气泡的相对体积(气泡体积同组织体积之比,V_b/V)同减压前后组织氮张力之比(PN_2/Pd_(N2))成线性关系。减压后组织氮张力P_(dN2)可表示为环境压力和综合压力P_(?)之和。P_(?)同减压后的活动状态有关。活动量越大,则P_3越小,使V_b/V 越大,因而减压病的发病率越高。按照该假说以及有关减压病的大量实验资料,得到预吸氧时间同航天服压力的关系曲线。