基于图像拼接的微小零件视觉检测方法

针对毫米级微小尺寸零件的高准确度检测问题,提出了一种基于图像拼接技术的视觉检测方法,即利用亚像素微小位移结合相位相关的自动拼接方法。以两幅图像的拼接为例,这种方法首先对第一幅图像利用三次样条插值,进行亚像素微小位移;然后用处理后的第一幅图像与第二幅图像进行相位相关处理,计算两者的相关功率谱函数分布图;再根据分布图中功率谱最大值求出两幅图像的亚像素配准关系;最后根据配准关系把两幅图像拼接起来。实验表明,使用这种拼接方法,准确度可达到亚象素级,并具有抗噪声、易实现自动化等特点。     

基于FBM的分形地形模拟原理研究

本文通过分析ＦＢＭ的数学特征，指出它能基本吻合真实地形的数学特征。在此基础上，详细研究当地形初始数据集由ＤＥＭ给定时基于ＦＢＭ的分形地形模拟的基本原理。     

New method of enhancement using wavelet transforms applied to SODISM telescope

PICARD is a space-based observatory hosting the Solar Diameter Imager and Surface Mapper (SODISM) telescope, which has continuously observed the Sun from July 2010 and up to March 2014. In order to study the fine structure of the solar surface, it is helpful to apply techniques that enhance the images so as to improve the visibility of solar features such as sunspots or faculae. The objective of this work is to develop an innovative technique to enhance the quality of the SODISM images in the five wavelengths monitored by the telescope at 215.0?nm, 393.37?nm, 535.7?nm, 607.1?nm and 782.2?nm. An enhancement technique using interpolation of the high-frequency sub-bands obtained by Discrete Wavelet Transforms (DWT) and the input image is applied to the SODISM images. The input images are decomposed by the DWT as well as Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT) into four separate sub-bands in horizontal and vertical directions namely, low-low (LL), low–high (LH), high-low (HL) and high–high (HH) frequencies. The DWT high frequency sub-bands are interpolated by a factor 2. The estimated high frequency sub-bands (edges) are enhanced by introducing an intermediate stage using a Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT), and then all these sub-bands and input image are combined and interpolated with half of the interpolation factor α/2, used to interpolate the high-frequency sub-bands, in order to reach the required size for IDWT processing. Quantitative and visual results show the superiority of the proposed technique over a bicubic image resolution enhancement technique. In addition, filling factors for sunspots are calculated from SODISM images and results are presented in this work.     

A new stochastic model considering satellite clock interpolation errors in precise point positioning

Precise clock products are typically interpolated based on the sampling interval of the observational data when they are used for in precise point positioning. However, due to the occurrence of white noise in atomic clocks, a residual component of such noise will inevitable reside within the observations when clock errors are interpolated, and such noise will affect the resolution of the positioning results. In this paper, which is based on a twenty-one-week analysis of the atomic clock noise characteristics of numerous satellites, a new stochastic observation model that considers satellite clock interpolation errors is proposed. First, the systematic error of each satellite in the IGR clock product was extracted using a wavelet de-noising method to obtain the empirical characteristics of atomic clock noise within each clock product. Then, based on those empirical characteristics, a stochastic observation model was structured that considered the satellite clock interpolation errors. Subsequently, the IGR and IGS clock products at different time intervals were used for experimental validation. A verification using 179 stations worldwide from the IGS showed that, compared with the conventional model, the convergence times using the stochastic model proposed in this study were respectively shortened by 4.8% and 4.0% when the IGR and IGS 300-s-interval clock products were used and by 19.1% and 19.4% when the 900-s-interval clock products were used. Furthermore, the disturbances during the initial phase of the calculation were also effectively improved.     

控制体有限元方法中的一种高阶插值格式

针对控制体有限元方法对流动方向不平行于坐标轴方向的回流问题数值模拟采用各种迎风格式都容易产生假扩散的问题,本文给出了一种由插值单元及其迎风相邻单元所确定的高阶插值格式。通过对Re=1000时三种不同形状的二维四边形空穴流模拟,表明该格式与局部斜迎风格式的适当组合可有效地减小控制体有限元方法对回流问题数值模拟的假扩散。      

非线性估计理论的最新进展

扩展Kalman滤波(EKF)是应用最广的非线性估计方法，然而它存在实现性差、计算量大、估计精度低等缺陷，这些问题起源于。EKF采用了Taylor展开近似。在阐明非线性估计的本质，剖析EKF等传统方法的特点及缺陷的基础上，从非线性估计革新的两条发展思路——非Taylor展开的线性变换及非线性变换出发，分别对插值滤波、Unscented滤波、粒子滤波和神经网络滤波这四种近年来最具特色的新方法进行介绍和评述。通过分析这些方法的工作原理、性能特点、必要性和可行性，将非线性估计最新进展的思想传承、本质内涵、地位与作用予以展现，指出各方法的现存问题、发展潜力和最具可实现性的发展方向。同时强调了各种算法的选取须根据具体应用场合和条件，在主要性能指标之间综合权衡。     

A trajectory planning method on error compensation of residual height for aero-engine blades of robotic belt grinding

While the traditional trajectory planning methods are used in robotic belt grinding of blades with an uneven machining allowance distribution, it is hard to obtain the preferable profile accuracy and surface quality to meet the high-performance requirements of aero-engine. To solve this problem, a novel trajectory planning method is proposed in this paper by considering the developed interpolation algorithm and the machining allowance threshold. The residual height error obtained from grinding e...     

基于码元同步环路的激光测距通信一体化算法优化研究

精密测距与高速通信一体化技术已发展成为星间激光链路的主要研究方向之一。为了探究基于空间激光通信系统的通信解调算法对测距性能的影响机理，根据现有的激光通信系统架构，分析了测距通信一体化系统的工作原理，搭建了基于码元同步的激光测距通信一体化系统模型，分析了基于Gardner同步环路信号跟踪系统的测距精度，并对鉴相算法进行了优化。理论和仿真证明，优化后的码元同步环能够同时实现码元同步判决和距离解算，并得到了4 dB的噪声容忍度提升，其测距方差主要与基带成型滤波参数、环路带宽、载噪比以及鉴相增益等因素有关。该算法简洁，不受载波相位影响，对高阶调制具有良好的兼容性，适用于空间激光链路系统，丰富了测距通信一体化理论，为后续一体化系统设计提供了仿真依据。     

A new approach for pulse amplitude measurement using Lagrange’s interpolation for radiation or particle detectors

In radiation detector signal processing, usually, the charge-sensitive preamplifier converts the small charge signal coming from the semiconductor-based detector into voltage form and then the signal is further amplified to measure the energy of the incoming radiation. The voltage pulse from a charge-sensitive preamplifier (CSPA) is amplified using a shaping amplifier which reduces the signal bandwidth. To achieve better energy resolution, precise measurement of the peak amplitude of shaping amplifier output is required. The signal processing methods are available in which the signal from the charge-sensitive preamplifier can be directly digitized using high-speed Analog to Digital Converters (ADC), and then further signal processing such as gain and shaping is carried out inside the Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). For multiple detector systems, digital signal processing methods are quite difficult to implement in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). In this context, The development of an alternative technique is initiated that uses a charge-sensitive preamplifier, shaping amplifier, low sampling analog-to-digital converter, and FPGA, where LaGrange’s interpolation technique is implemented in FPGA to precisely measure the peak of the analog pulse. In this paper, the comparison of the proposed method with other pulse amplitude measurement techniques is discussed. Results show that the implemented technique gives similar energy resolution compared to digital pulse processing and standard peak detector-based techniques.