基于企业战略规划的维修资源布局

主要分析在民航十三五规划及企业战略规划的背景下，航空公司应该如何配置和布局维修资源，以满足自身机队发展及维修保障能力提升的需要。     

Grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient in MQL grinding of high-temperature nickel-base alloy by using different vegetable oils as base oil

Vegetable oil can be used as a base oil in minimal quantity of lubrication(MQL). This study compared the performances of MQL grinding by using castor oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, and palm oil as base oils. A K-P36 numerical-control precision surface grinder was used to perform plain grinding on a workpiece material with a high-temperature nickel base alloy. A YDM–III 99 three-dimensional dynamometer was used to measure grinding force,and a clip-type thermocouple was used to determine grinding temperature. The grinding force, grinding temperature, and energy ratio coefficient of MQL grinding were compared among the seven vegetable oil types. Results revealed that(1) castor oil-based MQL grinding yields the lowest grinding force but exhibits the highest grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient;(2) palm oil-based MQL grinding generates the second lowest grinding force but shows the lowest grinding temperature and energy ratio coefficient;(3) MQL grinding based on the five other vegetable oils produces similar grinding forces, grinding temperatures, and energy ratio coefficients, with values ranging between those of castor oil and palm oil;(4) viscosity significantly influences grinding force and grinding temperature to a greater extent than fatty acid varieties and contents in vegetable oils;(5) although more viscous vegetable oil exhibits greater lubrication and significantly lower grinding force than less viscous vegetable oil, high viscosity reduces the heat exchange capability of vegetable oil and thus yields a high grinding temperature;(6) saturated fatty acid is a more efficient lubricant than unsaturated fatty acid; and(7) a short carbon chain transfers heat more effectively than a long carbon chain. Palm oil is the optimum base oil of MQL grinding, and this base oil yields 26.98 N tangential grinding force,87.10 N normal grinding force, 119.6 °C grinding temperature, and 42.7% energy ratio coefficient.     

动平台条件下基于全站仪的标校技术

舰船靠泊码头进行起降引导系统标校时,甲板处于晃动状态,架设在甲板上的全站仪无法满足置平要求,针对这一问题进行了动平台条件下基于全站仪的标校技术研究。首先,建立全站仪测量数学模型,以全站仪在动态条件下的测量数据为基础,将测量数据经空间几何运算后求得任意两目标点在甲板固连坐标系下的相对位置;其次,根据空间物体几何不变的性质,设计实验进行不同倾斜条件下的全站仪数据测量和相对位置偏差求解;最后,通过仿真分析了测量误差对相对位置平均偏差的影响。结果表明,全站仪在动平台条件下其测距、测角精度能满足标校要求。     

HB-2 high-velocity correlation model at high angles of attack in supersonic wind tunnel tests

Responding to a need for experimental data on a standard wind tunnel model at high angles of attack in the supersonic speed range, and in the absence of suitable reference data, a series of tests of two HB-2 standard models of different sizes was performed in the T-38 trisonic wind tunnel of Vojnotehnickˇi Institut(VTI), in the Mach number range 1.5–4.0, at angles of attack up to+30°. Tests were performed at relatively high Reynolds numbers of 2.2 millions to 4.5 millions(based on model forebody diameter). Results were compared with available low angle of attack data from other facilities, and, as a good agreement was found, it was assumed that, by implication, the obtained high angle of attack results were valid as well. Therefore, the results can be used as a reference database for the HB-2 model at high angles of attack in the supersonic speed range, which was not available before. The results are presented in comparison with available reference data, but also contain data for some Mach numbers not given in other publications.     

薄壁结构的加筋布局优化设计

采用拓扑优化方法研究了薄壁结构的加筋布局优化问题.考虑到航空航天领域薄壁加筋结构的大量使用与结构形式的复杂性,提出了一种适用于有限元自由网格剖分的加筋设计新方法--几何背景网格法.该方法一方面通过定义几何背景网格的大小,实现了加筋设计域内任意离散网格沿加筋高度方向的布局参数化定义;另一方面,通过背景网格曲线坐标系下的定义,实现了三维曲面薄壁壳结构的加筋布局设计.采用该方法分别对平面结构与曲面薄壁结构进行了以结构刚度最大为目标的加筋优化设计.数值结果表明,所提出的方法能有效获得合理的加筋布局.     

氢氧全流量补燃循环发动机富燃预燃室试验

为了获得全流量补燃循环发动机的富燃预燃室可靠点火、稳定燃烧和均匀的出口燃气,对富燃预燃室头部喷注器排布方案展开了研究。对设计的中心燃烧区和环形燃烧区两种不同头部方案进行了试验,得到了富燃预燃室的压力曲线和预燃室出口的温度分布。试验结果表明:相比中心燃烧区结构方案,环形燃烧区结构方案更容易获得可靠的点火和稳定的燃烧,有更好的燃气均匀度。相比常规的富燃预燃室,全流量补燃循环发动机的富燃预燃室工作温度更低、混合比更小。相比使用液氧的方案,使用气氧的富燃预燃室在启动、关机过程更迅速、平稳。     

利用多普勒原理测量微机电系统中微结构的动态特性

介绍了将显微扫描激光多普勒测振仪与基础激振法相结合的微结构动态特性的非接触无损测量方法、扫描激光多普勒测振仪的工作原理、设计的基础激振器及其驱动信号.并给出典型微结构--微悬臂梁的测量结果.测量结果与理论计算及有限元仿真结果相符,验证了该方法的有效性.     

三维战术训练空域规划方法研究

三维战术训练空域规划是对空域的合理规划利用,人工排样已经无法保证空域的安全有效利用,寻找高效快速的算法对于提高空域利用率和训练效率具有重要意义。通过对空域规划的理论研究,结合空域特性,将整个空域划分为立方体单元,构建相应的训练空域规划模型;在此基础之上,利用改进的遗传算法来寻求最优方案,剔除了大量不可行解;通过实例仿真验证该空域规划模型的合理性和有效性。结果表明:该空域模型是合理和有效的,提高了空域规划的速度和准确度。     

民用飞机驾驶舱布置设计方法研究

在当今民用飞机驾驶舱设计过程中,普遍公认的理念为"以人为中心"的驾驶舱设计理念,而驾驶舱布置设计要践行"以人为中心"的设计理念,就需要在国内民用飞机设计初期,探索一种能体现"以人为中心"的驾驶舱布置方法。主要以"设计眼位"为基准,以飞行员生理极限、认知特性和个体差异作为可达性、可视性设计参数的依据,探索出一种能用于设计初期指导驾驶舱布置过程中主要设计参数的制定方法。     

民用飞机驾驶舱构型快速设计方法

为在方案设计阶段提高民用飞机总体方案的设计质量和形成效率,研究了民用飞机驾驶舱构型的设计措施,并在一个开放式的飞机总体设计环境中实现了这一功能.定义了飞机机身坐标系,研究了确定驾驶员设计眼位、驾驶舱布置和风挡参数化设计与模型构建的方法.建立了交互式民机驾驶舱构型二、三维快速设计环境.在此基础上,实现了驾驶舱模型的自动化调整,为总体设计阶段进行多学科设计优化奠定了基础.通过设计实例证明了该方法的有效性.