猪繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒分离株ORF5和Nsp2基因的序列分析

根据美洲型猪繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒(PRR_SV)基因组序列设计2对引物,对疑似PRR_SV感染猪的病料进行RT-PCR检测,核酸检测阳性病料进行PRR_SV分离,获得了1株美洲型PRR_SV,命名为GD08-2.对PRR_SV GD08-2株、GD-XH株、GD08-1株的ORF5基因和部分Nsp2基因进行序列测定与分析.结果表明,GD08-2株的ORF5基因与PRR_SV疫苗株pMLV、经典株VR-2332和GD-XH株的相似性较高,而与GD08-1株的相似性较低.GD08-2株的Nsp2基因推导的氨基酸序列出现12个氨基酸的不连续缺失,分别位于66～74位和192～194位,由此推测,GD08-2株可能为PRR_SV的突变株.GD08-1株的ORF5基因与国内分离的高致病性PRR_SV相似性较高,其Nsp2基因推导的氨基酸序列存在30个氨基酸的缺失,与国内高致病性PRR_SV分离株JXA1的缺失位置完全一致,由此推测,GD08-1株属于高致病性PRR_SV;GD-XH株的ORF5基因与疫苗株pMLV的相似性较高,其Nsp2基因存在个别核苷酸的点缺失.遗传进化分析表明,GD08-1株与国内分离的高致病性PRR_SV的遗传进化关系较近,属同一分支;GD-XH株和GD08-2株与PRR_SV经典株VR-2332、疫苗株pMLV的遗传关系较近,属另一分支.     

热处理对纤维增强SiO2气凝胶性能的影响

采用溶胶一凝胶法制备了纤维增强SiO_2气凝胶隔热材料,对基体SiO_2气凝胶及复合材料进行不同温度的热处理.利用扫描电镜、比表面积和孔径测试仪和导热仪等手段对处理后材料的微观结构和常温隔热性能进行表征.结果表明:复合材料经低于700℃处理后,材料基体的微观结构略有变化,常温隔热性能基本保持不变;经1000℃处理的纳米结构发生了烧结、纳米孔含量减少,常温隔热性能显著降低.     

Hot Corrosion Behavior of Double-ceramic-layer LaTi2 Al9O19/YSZ Thermal Barrier Coatings

LaTi 2 Al 9 O 19 (LTA) exhibits promising potential as a new kind of thermal barrier coating (TBC) material, due to its excellent high-temperature capability and low thermal conductivity. In this paper, LTA/yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) TBCs are produced by atmospheric plasma spraying. Hot corrosion behavior and the related failure mechanism of the coating are investigated. Decomposition of LTA does not occur even after 1 458 hot corrosion cycles at 1 373 K, revealing good chemical stability in molten salt of Na 2 SO 4 and NaCl. However, the molten salt infiltrates to the bond coat, causing dissolving of the thermally grown oxide (TGO) in the molten salt and hot corrosion of the bond coat. As a result, cracking of the TBC occurs within the oxide layer. In conclusion, the ceramic materials LTA and YSZ reveal good chemical stability in molten salts of Na 2 SO 4 and NaCl, and the bond coat plays a significant role in providing protection for the component against hot corrosion in the LTA/YSZ TBCs. LTA exhibits very promising potential as a novel TBC material.     

H2/Air连续旋转爆震波的起爆及传播过程试验

在环缝-喷孔对撞式喷注模型发动机上,采用H2/O2热射流切向喷注的起爆方式,进行了H2/Air组合的连续旋转爆震试验,试验成功起爆并实现了爆震波的持续旋转传播。切向喷注的热射流并没有直接诱导形成旋转爆震波,从点火到形成稳定传播的旋转爆震波之间存在时间间隔。对高频信号的时频分析结果表明,在该试验工况下,旋转爆震波的传播过程非常稳定,其传播频率为5.5～5.95 kHz,平均传播频率为5.75 kHz,对应的平均传播速度为1716.4m/s,为理论预测值的91.14%。在没有测量高频压力的情况下开展了长程试验,结果表明,连续旋转爆震波也可以在更长的时间范围内稳定工作。     

微波烧结制备MoSi2 及SiC/ MoSi2 纳米复合陶瓷

采用微波烧结法制备了MoSi2和10vol%SiC/MoSi2纳米复合陶瓷。通过SiC预加热体的混合式加热法和合理的保温结构设计,实现了MoSi2低温阶段的快速升温,提高了温度均匀性。密度和力学性能测试结果表明,1 450℃保温60 min烧结工艺下,MoSi2试样的相对密度达到93.4%,断裂韧度4.5 MPa.m1/2,维氏硬度为10.53 GPa,弯曲强度为186 MPa。10vol%SiC/MoSi2试样尽管相对密度下降为90.3%,但各项力学性能均优于MoSi2试样。相比1 650℃热压烧结,微波烧结温度降低了200℃,MoSi2和SiC/MoSi2试样致密性有所下降,但力学性能有较大提高,尤其是MoSi2试样。断口扫描分析表明,微波烧结试样相对热压烧结试样基体晶粒更细,孔隙细小且分布均匀;SiC/MoSi2试样微波烧结的晶粒细化效果不如MoSi2明显。     

唇口形状对二元进气道性能影响数值模拟

为了研究唇口形状对二元混压式进气道的性能影响,采用Fluent进行了数值模拟。研究发现,唇口面积的减小会带来一定的流量损失,但可以有效地降低起动马赫数,提高总压恢复系数。同时,据此提出了二元进气道的一种优化设计方法。     

无机盐源ZrO2 块体气凝胶的制备

以ZrOCl2·8H2O为锆源,通过添加乙酸(HAC)、聚乙二醇600 (PEG)和甲酰胺(FA)等化学添加剂调节溶胶-凝胶速率、胶体粒子的分散性和凝胶网络结构的均匀性,以环氧丙烷(PO)为凝胶促进剂制备ZrO2凝胶,再结合高温超临界干燥工艺制备出了有一定强度的、具有均匀网络结构的块体ZrO2气凝胶.采用SEM和BET等分析手段对制备的样品进行微观形貌和性能表征.结果表明:随着FA的增加,样品孔体积和平均孔径均减小,比表面积增大;随着PEG的增加,样品比表面积、孔体积、平均孔径均出现先增大后减小的规律.     

台风影响电离层F2区的一种可能机制

在台风期间,特别是台风登陆前后,强烈的海气、陆气相互作用会增强低层大气中的湍流活动,并可能导致大气湍流层顶的抬升.这种抬升会改变高层大气结构,从而影响高层大气中的光化学过程,最终造成对电离层的影响.在台风活动抬升了湍流层顶的前提下,利用一个一维电离层物理模型,模拟了日本中纬地区(45°N,142°E)电离层F2区的响应.模拟结果很好地定性解释了如下观测事实,台风期间,电离层f0F2会下降,对给定频率电波的反射面会抬升;同时还表明以上过程会导致hmF2上升,这表明台风期间湍流层顶的抬升可能是台风影响电离层F2区的一种十分有效的机制.      

Comparison of diurnal,seasonal and latitudinal effect of MUF VR and NmF2 VR during some solar cycle epochs

The diurnal and seasonal changes of the variability (VR) of Maximum Useable Frequency (MUF) are compared with those of peak electron density (NmF2) at Ibadan (7.4°N, 3.9°E, 6°S dip) in the African sector. Also compared is the latitudinal effect on both characteristics by combining data from Singapore (1.3°N, 103.8°E, 17.6°S dip) in the East Asian sector and Slough (51.5°N, 359.4°E, 66.5°S dip) in the European sector. MUF VR is found to be about half of NmF2 VR at all the hours and seasons and during the solar cycle epochs considered for the three stations. While nighttime MUF VR is greater in June Solstice and September Equinox during both low and moderate solar activities and in September Equinox and December Solstice during high solar activity, nighttime NmF2 VR is greater in June Solstice and September Equinox during high solar activity and greater at the equinoxes during low and moderate solar activities. This signifies a shift in nighttime MUF peak VR from the middle six months during low and moderate solar activities to the last half of the year during high solar activity. Daytime VR of both characteristics are not observed to show any seasonal variation. MUF VR and that of NmF2 are found to increase and decrease alternately with the Zurich sunspot number (Rz) for Ibadan and Singapore. For Slough, the VR of both characteristics increases with Rz during the first half of the day. It then increases and decreases alternately with Rz during the remaining hours of the day. While nighttime MUF VR decreases with latitude, just like nighttime NmF2 VR, no latitudinal effect is found for daytime VR of both characteristics.     

The response of African equatorial foF2 to geomagnetic storms: Comparison between observations and IRI-2007 predictions

This study examines the response of the African equatorial ionospheric foF2 to different levels of geomagnetic storms, using the foF2 hourly data for the year 1989 from Ouagadougou (12.4°N, 1.5°W, dip: 2.8°N). The study also compares the observed data for the selected storm periods with the latest IRI model (IRI-2007). The foF2 values (both observed and predicted) show typical features of daytime peak and post-midnight minimum peak. The response of the ionospheric foF2 over Ouagadougou to storms events, during the night-time and post-midnight hours indicates negative responses of the ionospheric foF2, while that of the daytime hours indicates positive responses. For the investigation on the variability of the observed foF2 with respect to IRI-2007 model, with the exception of the analysis of the 20–22, October, 1989 data, where a midday peak was also observed on the first day, this study reveals two characteristic daily foF2 variability peaks: post-midnight and evening peaks. In addition, for all the geomagnetic storms considered, the URSI and CCIR coefficients of the IRI-2007 model show reasonable correspondence with each other, except for some few discrepancies. For instance, the event of 28–30 August, 1989 shows comparatively higher variability for the URSI coefficient, and at the foF2 peak values, the event of 20–22 October, 1989 shows that the CCIR coefficient is more susceptible to foF2 variability than the URSI coefficient. This study is aimed at providing African inputs for the future improvement of the IRI model.