拦截大气层内机动目标的自适应积分滑模制导律

针对大气层内机动目标拦截的末制导问题,提出了一种自适应积分滑模制导律。基于抑制弹目视线旋转的原则,设计了一种视线转率收敛速率可调的跟踪剖面,选取跟踪误差与其积分为状态变量,采用状态有限时间收敛的积分滑模面与快速趋近律推导得到了积分滑模制导律。为了处理未知的目标机动项,提出了一种自适应算法,对目标机动项上界的平方进行估计,构成了自适应积分滑模制导律,并证明了其有限时间收敛的特性,给出了各状态变量的收敛域。最后,将制导律转换成适用于大气层内拦截的形式。仿真结果表明,所提制导律能够精确拦截机动目标,剖面跟踪误差收敛速度快,过载分布均匀,能量消耗少,并具有良好的噪声特性,易于工程实现。     

飞机蒙皮机器人化制造曲面分片算法研究

为实现飞机曲面机器人加工的自动轨迹规划,研究了基于模型几何特征的飞机曲面分片算法。通过分析飞机构件加工的工艺参数信息,以表面加工允许的最大曲率或最大偏角为阈值,提出基于近似曲率的三角网格模型分片方法。以三角网格中任意面片为起点,沿网格邻接关系向外拓展联接,形成若干近似平面化的模型分片结构,当超过阈值时则停止拓展,从而得到一整片曲面。通过对飞机CAD模型进行分片,发现采用本文提出方法可以保证分片结果的均匀性,为后期加工轨迹自动规划规划提供保障。     

侧滑角对鼓包诱导曲面激波/边界层干扰特性的影响

利用仿真方法对侧滑条件下设计马赫数为2的三维壁面鼓包诱导流场进行了研究。结果表明:随着侧滑角的增大,迎风面的展向压力梯度增大,鼓包表面高压中心向迎风面偏移使得迎风面前缘旋涡强度增强,迎风侧出口总压恢复损失,最终导致鼓包下游流场畸变增加。同时鼓包表面流动拓扑结构表明,随着侧滑角的增加,迎风面分离区的准锥形相似特性增强,而背风面由准锥形相似逐渐发展为准柱形相似。      

弧线齿面齿轮齿面几何设计及径向齿宽特性

为适应航空领域对面齿轮传动的设计要求,综合弧线齿圆柱齿轮、面齿轮传动的各项优点,提出了弧线齿面齿轮齿面设计并研究了其径向齿宽特性。以端面渐开线齿廓弧线齿圆柱齿轮作为产形齿轮通过包络成形建立面齿轮齿面数学模型;结合齿面方程在MATLAB中进行齿面可视化分析,并通过MATLAB软件的数值计算和CATIA软件的复杂曲面造型实现面齿轮的参数化建模;确立内端根切、外端顶尖对径向有效齿宽的限制条件,计算面齿轮的径向有效齿宽,分析刀具齿轮的齿线圆弧半径和坐标系位置参数对径向有效齿宽的影响。研究表明:当增大齿线的圆弧半径,面齿轮的内径减小,外径、径向有效齿宽均增大;当增大坐标系位置参数,面齿轮的内径、外径均增大,径向有效齿宽减小。      

A new error-controllable method for smoothing the G01 commands

In real machining, the tool paths are composed of a series of short line segments, which constitute groups of sharp corners correspondingly leading to geometry discontinuity in tangent. As a result, high acceleration with high fluctuation usually occurs. If these kinds of tool paths are directly used for machining, the feedrate and quality will be greatly reduced. Thus, generating continuous tool paths is strongly desired. This paper presents a new error-controllable method for generating continuous tool path. Different from the traditional method focusing on fitting the cutter locations, the proposed method realizes globally smoothing the tool path in an error-controllable way. Concretely, it does the smoothing by approaching the newly produced curve to the linear tool path by taking the tolerance requirement as a constraint. That is, the error between the desired tool path and the G01 commands are taken as a boundary condition to ensure the finally smoothed curve being within the given tolerance. Besides, to improve the smoothing ability in case of small corner angle, an improved local smoothing method is also proposed by symmetrically assigning the control points to the two adjacent linear segments with the constrains of tolerance and G3 continuity. Experiments on an open five-axis machine are developed to verify the advantages of the proposed methods.     

Effect of drag reducing riblet surface on coherent structure in turbulent boundary layer

The characteristics of turbulent boundary layer over streamwise aligned drag reducing riblet surface under zero-pressure gradient are investigated using particle image velocimetry. The formation and distribution of large-scale coherent structures and their effect on momentum partition are analyzed using two-point correlation and probability density function. Compared with smooth surface, the streamwise riblets reduce the friction velocity and Reynolds stress in the turbulent boundary layer, indicating the drag reduction effect. Strong correlation has been found between the occurrence of hairpin vortices and the momentum distribution. The number and streamwise length scale of hairpin vortices decrease over streamwise riblet surface. The correlation between number of uniform momentum zones and Reynolds number remains the same as smooth surface.     

Prediction of cutting forces in flank milling of parts with non-developable ruled surfaces

Predicting the cutting forces required for five-axis flank milling is a challenging task due to the difficulties involved in determining the Undeformed Chip Thickness(UCT) and CutterWorkpiece Engagement(CWE). To solve these problems, this paper presents a new mechanistic cutting force model based on the geometrical analysis of a flank milling process. In the model,the part feature and corresponding cutting location data are taken as input information. The UCT considering cutter runout is calculated according to the instantaneous feed rate of the element cutting edges. A solid-discrete-based method is used to precisely and efficiently identify the CWE between the end mill and the surface being machined. Then, after calibrating the specific force coef-ficients, the mechanistic milling force can be obtained. During the validation process, two practical operations, three-axis flank milling of a vertical surface and five-axis flank milling of a nondevelopable ruled surface, are conducted. Comparisons between predicted and measured cutting forces demonstrate the reliability of the proposed cutting force model.     

热载荷下热障涂层表-界面裂纹间的相互影响

针对高温热载荷条件下APS制热障涂层裂纹失效问题,基于涂层系统热弹、热弹塑性本构关系,考虑陶瓷层/氧化层/粘结层界面凹凸形貌,依据表、界面裂纹位置、性质不同,分别运用断裂力学和损伤力学理论建立裂纹演化模型,结合围线积分和内聚力单元法,分析了热载荷下表、界面裂纹断裂参量及开裂状态,研究了陶瓷层表面裂纹与粘结层/氧化层界面裂纹间的相互影响,揭示了热、力、化多场耦合下的裂纹失效机理。结果表明,表面裂纹大幅改变界面微区域的应力分布状态,靠近界面时能使界面裂纹扩展程度整体增加20%,且相邻凸峰处开裂非均匀性可达81%,表面裂纹断裂参量主要受多层结构热失配及缺陷主导,界面裂纹对其影响相对较小,分析结果与试验结果一致。      

基于表面缺陷特征的疲劳寿命预测方法

在含表面缺陷试样的疲劳数据的基础上,提出了表面缺陷对疲劳寿命影响的尺寸参数,将其引入Walker寿命方程,建立了可以考虑表面缺陷尺寸特征的疲劳寿命预测方程。将该方程的寿命预测结果同考虑应力梯度的寿命预测方法的计算结果进行对比,两者在±3倍以内,验证了方法是准确可靠的。进而,将该方程应用于粉末高温合金涡轮盘的疲劳寿命预测中,获得了不同尺寸的表面缺陷对涡轮盘寿命的影响规律,其工程意义在于:依据涡轮盘危险位置的应力特征,能够给出存在缺陷时的疲劳寿命,可作为使用过程中的重要参考数据,一旦出现漏检的表面缺陷,也能够保证涡轮盘的安全工作。      

基于混合终端滑模观测器的永磁同步电机位置和速度估计方法

传统滑模观测器受固有抖振特性影响,且有低通滤波器带来的反电动势观测幅值削弱和观测相位偏移,从而导致永磁同步电机(PMSM)控制精度降低。为解决该问题,提出了一种基于二阶混合终端滑模观测器的PMSM位置和速度估计方法。基于线性滑模与混合终端滑模的二阶滑模切换面,设计合理的滑模控制律,有效抑制传统滑模方法的固有抖振特性,并且能够避免使用低通滤波器所带来的反电动势观测幅值削弱和相位偏移问题,有效提高转子位置和转速的估计精度。在此基础上,进一步分析了该滑模观测器对于电机定子电阻和电感参数摄动的鲁棒性。试验结果证明了所提混合终端滑模观测器的有效性、实用性和优越性。