动态压力畸变下压缩系统稳定性分析

基于逐级压缩系统模型，发展了一种动态压力畸变下压缩系统失稳识别的数值预测方法。应用方法对一多级轴流压缩系统进行了数值分析。给出了动态压力脉动频率与压缩系统失稳首发级及不稳定发生时间之间的定量关联关系。     

基本变形杆件内力图的直接绘制方法

总结了根据外力的符号直接绘制内力图的简单实用的绘制方法，这种画法简化了绘制过程，提高了绘图速度；教学实践证明，学生易于掌握，能提高学生绘图速度和准确性。     

透镜式薄壁CFRP管空间伸展臂轴压屈曲分析及试验

对透镜式截面四层铺设薄壁碳纤维增强塑料(CFRP)管空间伸展臂进行轴压载荷试验,得到轴压临界屈曲载荷及屈曲特性。利用有限元模型进行线性特征值屈曲分析,并引入屈曲模态形式作为初始几何缺陷进行非线性屈曲分析,得到轴压下屈曲临界载荷及非线性屈曲特性,并与试验结果进行对比分析。结果表明初始几何缺陷对CFRP管轴压临界载荷影响较大,给CFRP管加入适当的几何缺陷可更有效模拟实际非完善体的屈曲载荷。进而对其材料厚度、层数和铺设角度进行参数分析,得到各参数对轴压临界载荷的影响程度及敏感性,本文对透镜式薄壁CFRP管空间伸展臂的设计和深入研究具有重要参考价值。     

Effect of the protrusion shape on gas ingestion of two sealing structures

The windage loss caused by protrusion in a rotor–stator cavity has been studied in detail, and there are abundant fitting formulas that have been summarized to calculate the moment coefficients. Some other theorists have emphasized its effect on the sealing efficiency, proposing that installation of protrusion could alleviate gas ingestion. However, the protrusion shape which is an influential factor on the sealing efficiency has not been focused in previous research. Using the experimental method of measuring CO₂ volume fraction, cavity pressure, and power consumption, we investigated the effects of several typical protrusion shapes on various parameters for two sealing structures, in order to obtain the optimal shape. Results showed that a variation of the protrusion shape had little impact on the static pressure, but the total pressure and the sealing efficiency increased in different degrees. Furthermore, even though the hexagon shape resulted in the highest sealing efficiency, we observed that the drop shape had the best overall performance in all of the eight models, which could result in higher efficiency of the turbine cavity. The combination of a radial seal structure and protrusion could improve sealing efficiency better.     

轴流涡轮损失模型研究进展(“两机”专刊)*

轴流涡轮损失预测模型是开展先进轴流涡轮设计优化、特别是低维快速性能预测的重要工具和基础,更准确通用的损失模型一直是涡轮气动热力学领域研究的重点。近年来,精细化设计理念的深入对损失模型提出更高的精度要求,同时先进实验测量方法和数值模拟技术的发展也为建立更精准的损失模型提供了可能。因此,本文首先梳理了轴流涡轮损失模型的发展历程及近年来的发展趋势,并结合最新研究进展分析目前仍存在的不足,最后对轴流涡轮损失模型的未来研究重点和发展趋势进行展望。     

涡流发生器对轴流压气机叶顶流动不稳定性影响的实验研究

为了探究涡流发生器对轴流压气机叶顶流动不稳定性的影响,在一台低速轴流压气机转子上开展了实验研究。将梯形和半球形两种涡流发生器分别安装在转子叶顶上游机匣上,基于不同的安装角度共制定了五种控制方案。分析了气动性能的变化,并采用频谱分析和统计分析方法考察了壁面脉动压力特性的变化。实验结果表明：采用梯形涡流发生器后,除安装角为90°的方案外,其它方案在各工况下扩压能力均略有下降,失速时的流量也明显减小。在流场存在旋转不稳定性或失速的工况,-45°方案时涡流发生器增加了来流的正预旋,增加了气流动量,同时产生的诱导涡会径向迁移,进而抑制了叶顶区域的旋转不稳定性或旋转失速的强度。     

机身壁板内压载荷试验研究

内压载荷是一种非常重要的重复性载荷,对机身结构疲劳和损伤容限特性产生很大影响。承受内压载荷机身壁板边界模拟困难,边界模拟的优劣决定试验件过渡区范围的大小,甚至影响试验区的应力分布和大小。为了获得承受内压载荷机身壁板更加真实的应力响应,给出一种机身壁板内压载荷试验新方法,该方法采用"D"型夹具模拟机身筒段直边结构,采用"弓"型夹具模拟机身筒段曲边结构,采用气密端板模拟机身筒段的端部结构;按照边界模拟要求,设计制造试验装置和试验件,并完成内压载荷试验。结果表明:试验件试验区蒙皮的周向应力、纵向应力明显高于过渡区蒙皮周向应力、纵向应力;试验区蒙皮周向应力、纵向应力和法向位移与理论计算结果吻合,该试验方法满足工程精度要求;该研究可为民机机身壁板内压载荷结构选型试验提供参考。     

周向总压畸变在轴流压气机中的传递特性分析

基于轴流压气机叶排特性,建立了一种预测周向总压畸变沿轴流压气机传递的矩阵分析模型,应用于某一单级压气机,对其进口总压畸变传递特性进行了详细的数值分析,给出了对发动机稳定性分析中影响较大的总压、总温及气流角的周向分布。计算结果与实验结果比较表明,本模型和采用的方法合理,可行。      

Comparison of aerodynamic characteristics between a novel highly loaded injected blade with curvature induced pressure-recovery concept and one with conventional design

This paper introduces a novel design method of highly loaded compressor blades with air injection.CFD methods were firstly validated with existing data and then used to develop and investigate the new method based on a compressor cascade.A compressor blade is designed with a curvature induced pressure-recovery concept.A rapid drop of the local curvature on the blade suction surface results in a sudden increase in the local pressure,which is referred to as a curvature induced ‘Shock'.An injection slot downstream from the ‘Shock' is used to prevent ‘Shock' induced separation,thus reducing the loss.As a result,the compressor blade achieves high loading with acceptable loss.First,the design concept based on a 2D compressor blade profile is introduced.Then,a 3D cascade model is investigated with uniform air injection along the span.The effects of the incidence are also investigated on emphasis in the current study.The mid-span flow field of the 3D injected cascade shows excellent agreement with the 2D designed flow field.For the highly loaded cascade without injection,the flow separates immediately downstream from the ‘Shock';the initial location of separation shows little change in a large incidence range.Thus air injection with the same injection configuration effectively removes the flow separation downstream from the curvature induced ‘Shock' and reduces the size of the separation zone at different incidences.Near the endwall,the flow within the incoming passage vortex mixes with the injected flow.As a result,the size of the passage vortex reduces significantly downstream from the injection slot.After air injection,the loss coefficient along spanwise reduces significantly and the flow turning angle increases.     

Review of cylinder block/valve plate interface in axial piston pumps: Theoretical models,experimental investigations,and optimal design

Axial piston pumps have been widely used in aircraft hydraulic systems to supply the system with pressurized fluid. The continuous improvement of the aircraft performance has put forward the demand on aviation piston pumps for high power density, safety, and reliability. The lubricating interfaces in axial piston machines are the key design issue that greatly determines the pump performance and service life. The cylinder block/valve plate interface is one of these critical lubricating interfaces and has received considerable attention from many researchers in the last half century. This study aims to review the state‐of‐the‐art literature on the cylinder block/valve plate interface comprehensively and systematically. First, we introduce various theoretical models developed to investigate the lubrication behaviors of the interface and compare them in terms of their assumptions and limitations. Second, the experimental studies on the cylinder block/valve plate interface are presented comprehensively, where the involved test rigs are divided into three types according to their fidelity levels and measurement functionality. Third, we summarize some typical approaches of structure optimization, surface shaping, and surface strengthening, which help improve the load-carrying and anti-wear capacities of the interface under severe operating conditions. Finally, the challenges and future trends of the cylinder block/valve plate interface research are discussed briefly.