火星着陆器抛背罩分离体气动特性

为便于火星着陆器抛背罩安全性仿真,针对火星着陆器简化外形开展了背罩分离的定常数值计算,分析了着陆平台与背罩之间的气动效应,获得了着陆平台与背罩的轴向力系数随分离间距的变化规律。结果表明：初始分离瞬间,由于着陆平台嵌入背罩内部,它们之间的压力接近驻点压力,随着分离间距的增加,背罩与着陆平台之间的压力逐渐由接近驻点压力慢慢过渡到接近底部绕流压力,至分离间距为0.1倍大底直径后,背罩一直处于着陆平台的底部绕流区。分离间距为0~0.06倍大底直径时,背罩的轴向力系数大于着陆平台,容易分离;分离间距为0.06~6倍大底直径时,着陆平台的轴向力系数大于背罩,存在分离后重新结合并发生碰撞的危险,且在分离间距为1倍大底直径时,着陆平台与背罩之间由于回流作用而产生的吸力达到峰值,此时发生碰撞的危险系数最大;分离间距超过6倍大底直径后,背罩的轴向力系数再次超越着陆平台,可以确保抛背罩安全分离。     

平面波压力扰动下压气机逐级动态响应分析

应用轴流压缩系统的逐级动态响应模型对平面波型压力扰动下的多级压气机瞬态响应及气动稳定性进行了较详细的数值分析。对－ ８级跨声压气机的数值模拟结果表明, 基于流动阻塞机理建立的压缩系统稳定性判别准则是合理和可靠的。结果还进一步建立进口扰动频率与压气机瞬态响应间的关联关系     

高压压气机径向间隙分析

针对航空发动机高压压气机,综合考虑气动载荷、离心力载荷、温度载荷耦合作用,建立了压气机径向间隙分析模型,获得了3个典型工况下的流场特征以及叶片的变形、应力分布,高压压气机转子叶尖径向间隙沿轴向变化的分布规律以及轴流压气机转子与机匣的间隙范围.计算结果显示在设计点和转速最高点,斜流压气机转子叶尖与机匣发生碰磨,与试验结果一致,验证了计算方法的正确性,也为建立合理有效的压气机径向间隙分析方法提供了思路.     

Assessment of converting approach to efficient design of micro-turboprop engines

The design, manufacture and experiment of a shaft power unit for converting a micro-turbojet engine to a micro-turboprop in the class of less than 20 kW with the aim of obtaining maximum shaft power were described in this study. For this purpose, a Wren100 micro-turbojet engine was used as the gas generator, and the specifications of its outflow were measured. The optimal configuration of the inter-stage diffuser, which was an annular S-type diffuser, was selected based on its small total pressure drop and outlet flow uniformity. The power turbine was a single stage axial turbine that was designed based on the fixed nozzle angle assumption without any taper or twist in its stator. The turbine rotor was a bladed disk (Blisk) in which its unique blade profiles were designed based on the Wilson method. Subsequently, the shaft power unit was completed by designing and manufacturing an exhaust complex and gearbox. Finally, the micro-turboprop engine was tested with an overloading propeller. The results show a significant increase in the extracted power, an acceptable efficiency of the power turbine, and a significant reduction in the Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC) compared to other engines that use similar gas generators.     

Blade bowing effects on radial equilibrium of inlet flow in axial compressor cascades

The circumferentially averaged equation of the inlet flow radial equilibrium in axial compressor was deduced.It indicates that the blade inlet radial pressure gradient is closely related to the radial component of the circumferential fluctuation (CF) source item.Several simplified cascades with/without aerodynamic loading were numerically studied to investigate the effects of blade bowing on the inlet flow radial equilibrium.A data reduction program was conducted to obtain the CF source from three-dimensional (3D) simulation results.Flow parameters at the passage inlet were focused on and each term in the radial equilibrium equation was discussed quantitatively.Results indicate that the inviscid blade force is the inducement of the inlet CF due to geometrical asymmetry.Blade bowing induces variation of the inlet CF,thus changes the radial pressure gradient and leads to flow migration before leading edge (LE) in the cascades.Positive bowing drives the inlet flow to migrate from end walls to mid-span and negative bowing turns it to the reverse direction to build a new equilibrium.In addition,comparative studies indicate that the inlet Mach number and blade loading can efficiently impact the effectiveness of blade bowing on radial equilibrium in compressor design.     

扁平型外转子混合磁悬浮飞轮动力学分析

针对扁平型外转子磁悬浮飞轮,考虑轴向被动悬浮刚度影响,采用理论模型与数值模拟相结合的方法,对系统静态悬浮和稳定旋转两种工况下的动力学特性进行了研究.结果表明,静态悬浮时,轴向刚度的变化对径向摆动固有频率影响明显,径向刚度的变化主要影响系统径向刚体平动固有频率,振型交换区内系统振型为转子刚体平动与摆动的叠加;稳定旋转时,轴向刚度的变化主要影响低速圆锥涡动频率,径向刚度的变化主要影响圆柱涡动频率.     

Stability of spinning satellite under axial thrust and internal mass motion

This paper considers a spinning rigid body and a particle with internal motion under axial thrust. This model is helpful for gaining insights into the nutation anomalies that occurred near the end of orbit injections performed by STAR-48 rocket motors. The stability of this system is investigated by means of linearized equations about a uniform spin reference state. In this model, a double root does not necessarily imply instability. The resulting stability condition defines a manifold in the parameter space. A detailed study of this manifold and the parameter space shows that the envelope of the constant solutions is in fact the stability boundary. Only part of the manifold defines a physical system and the range of frequency values that make the system unstable is restricted. Also it turns out that an increase of the spring stiffness, which restrains the internal motion, does not necessarily increase the stability margin. The application of the model is demonstrated using the orbit injection data of ESA's Ulysses satellite in 1990.     

Alleviation of spike stall in axial compressors utilizing grooved casing treatment

This article deals with application of grooved type casing treatment for suppression of spike stall in an isolated axial compressor rotor blade row. The continuous grooved casing treatment covering the whole compressor circumference is of 1.8 mm in depth and located between90% and 108% chord of the blade tip as measured from leading edge. The method of investigation is based on time-accurate three-dimensional full annulus numerical simulations for cases with and without casing treatment. Discretization of the Navier–Stokes equations has been carried out based on an upwind second-order scheme and k-w-SST(Shear Stress Transport) turbulence modeling has been used for estimation of eddy viscosity. Time-dependent flow structure results for the smooth casing reveal that there are two criteria for spike stall inception known as leading edge spillage and trailing edge backflow, which occur at specific mass flow rates in near-stall conditions. In this case, two dominant stall cells of different sizes could be observed. The larger one is caused by the spike stall covering roughly two blade passages in the circumferential direction and about 25% span in the radial direction. Spike stall disturbances are accompanied by lower frequencies and higher amplitudes of the pressure signals. Casing treatment causes flow blockages to reduce due to alleviation of backflow regions, which in turn reduces the total pressure loss and increases the axial velocity in the blade tip gap region, as well as tip leakage flow fluctuation at higher frequencies and lower amplitudes. Eventually, it can be concluded that the casing treatment of the stepped tip gap type could increase the stall margin of the compressor. This fact is basically due to retarding the movement of the interface region between incoming and tip leakage flows towards the rotor leading edge plane and suppressing the reversed flow around the blade trailing edge.     

机身壁板内压载荷试验研究

内压载荷是一种非常重要的重复性载荷,对机身结构疲劳和损伤容限特性产生很大影响。承受内压载荷机身壁板边界模拟困难,边界模拟的优劣决定试验件过渡区范围的大小,甚至影响试验区的应力分布和大小。为了获得承受内压载荷机身壁板更加真实的应力响应,给出一种机身壁板内压载荷试验新方法,该方法采用"D"型夹具模拟机身筒段直边结构,采用"弓"型夹具模拟机身筒段曲边结构,采用气密端板模拟机身筒段的端部结构;按照边界模拟要求,设计制造试验装置和试验件,并完成内压载荷试验。结果表明:试验件试验区蒙皮的周向应力、纵向应力明显高于过渡区蒙皮周向应力、纵向应力;试验区蒙皮周向应力、纵向应力和法向位移与理论计算结果吻合,该试验方法满足工程精度要求;该研究可为民机机身壁板内压载荷结构选型试验提供参考。     

补偿器接头内高压成型数值仿真

针对运载火箭增压输送系统补偿器接头结构和内高压成型工艺的特点,在建立模型的基础上,用LS-DYNA动态显式有限元程序对不同加载路径的成型结果进行仿真,研究了轴向进给量和进给内压等工艺参数对接头成型的影响。分析结果表明,采用数值仿真法可预测成型中可能出现的问题,确定最佳加载路径,获得有效的轴向补料量与内压值。