不同T300 级碳纤维轴棒法C/ C 复合材料的导热性能

选取两种国产T300级PAN基碳纤维,轴棒法制备4D预制体,以高温煤沥青为前驱体,采用液相浸渍-炭化以及石墨化相结合的技术制备C/C复合材料(密度≥1.95 g/cm<'3>),研究了C/C复合材料从室温(RT)到800℃的热导率及其影响因素.研究表明,在实验温度范围内C/C复合材料的热导率随温度升高而降低,由于原材料自身特性和预制体编织结构具有方向性,使C/C复合材料的导热性能表现出各向异性,径向热导率明显高于轴向;密度高、开孔率小、石墨化程度高的C/C复合材料由于晶粒间连通状态好,微晶结构趋于完整,材料的热导率增大;以低压热处理为最终处理工艺的C/C复合材料热导率略有提高;采用国产T300级与东丽,1300碳纤维制备的C/C复合材料的热导率相当.     

变截面引射器轴向位置对脉冲爆震火箭发动机的性能影响

在5～15Hz工作频率下,以煤油为燃料,氧气为氧化剂,当量比为1.0的条件下,对不同轴向位置处变截面引射器的增推性能进行了实验研究。通过试验,获得不同安装位置时PDRE的推力。研究表明,引射器轴向安装位置对增推性能有很大影响。扩张型引射器适宜安装在PDRE射流出口下游2～3倍射流出口直径处,最大推力增益为102.57%;收敛型引射器适宜安装在上游一倍射流出口半径处,最大推力增益为86.7%。实验中,所有轴向安装位置都可产生正推力增益。     

考虑压气机动静干涉效应的非设计工况性能数值模拟

1引言非定常流动是叶轮机械内部固有的本质属性,而现有的设计体系中不论是在设计或分析时基本上采用定常流动的假设,从而忽略了非定常流动对叶轮机械在气动、结构强度等方面的影响。目前,国内外对非定常流动的研究比较多,但其中采用非定常流动数值模拟方法预估压气机非设计工况     

周向总压畸变在轴流压气机中的传递特性分析

基于轴流压气机叶排特性,建立了一种预测周向总压畸变沿轴流压气机传递的矩阵分析模型,应用于某一单级压气机,对其进口总压畸变传递特性进行了详细的数值分析,给出了对发动机稳定性分析中影响较大的总压、总温及气流角的周向分布。计算结果与实验结果比较表明,本模型和采用的方法合理,可行。      

透镜式薄壁CFRP管空间伸展臂轴压屈曲分析及试验

对透镜式截面四层铺设薄壁碳纤维增强塑料(CFRP)管空间伸展臂进行轴压载荷试验,得到轴压临界屈曲载荷及屈曲特性。利用有限元模型进行线性特征值屈曲分析,并引入屈曲模态形式作为初始几何缺陷进行非线性屈曲分析,得到轴压下屈曲临界载荷及非线性屈曲特性,并与试验结果进行对比分析。结果表明初始几何缺陷对CFRP管轴压临界载荷影响较大,给CFRP管加入适当的几何缺陷可更有效模拟实际非完善体的屈曲载荷。进而对其材料厚度、层数和铺设角度进行参数分析,得到各参数对轴压临界载荷的影响程度及敏感性,本文对透镜式薄壁CFRP管空间伸展臂的设计和深入研究具有重要参考价值。     

Effect of the protrusion shape on gas ingestion of two sealing structures

The windage loss caused by protrusion in a rotor–stator cavity has been studied in detail, and there are abundant fitting formulas that have been summarized to calculate the moment coefficients. Some other theorists have emphasized its effect on the sealing efficiency, proposing that installation of protrusion could alleviate gas ingestion. However, the protrusion shape which is an influential factor on the sealing efficiency has not been focused in previous research. Using the experimental method of measuring CO₂ volume fraction, cavity pressure, and power consumption, we investigated the effects of several typical protrusion shapes on various parameters for two sealing structures, in order to obtain the optimal shape. Results showed that a variation of the protrusion shape had little impact on the static pressure, but the total pressure and the sealing efficiency increased in different degrees. Furthermore, even though the hexagon shape resulted in the highest sealing efficiency, we observed that the drop shape had the best overall performance in all of the eight models, which could result in higher efficiency of the turbine cavity. The combination of a radial seal structure and protrusion could improve sealing efficiency better.     

面向在轨靠泊加注的管路力学分析与优化设计

面向在轨伸出式靠泊加注任务,针对对接过程中加注管路因同步外伸而产生附加力的问题,提出了一种偏置椭圆螺旋构型的加注管路。首先,推导了管路的轴向刚度和应力数学表达式,通过有限元仿真和实验校验了上述两个表达式的准确性。之后,将偏置椭圆螺旋管路与其他三种适用管路在同一设计空间下分别进行了基于最小轴向刚度的构型优化设计,得到了上述四种管路各自的最优构型与最小附加力,形成了该类在轨加注螺旋管路的完整设计方法。与仿真和实验结果对比,所推导的管路轴向刚度与应力数学表达式的相对误差均小于5%,可用于该类管路的设计分析。与无偏圆螺旋管路相比,所提出的偏置椭圆螺旋管路将靠泊加注对接过程中的管路附加力降低了约83.5%,更适用于在轨靠泊加注任务。     

An improved prediction model for corner stall in axial compressors with dihedral effect

Corner stall predictions are important and difficult in axial compressors. However, all of the prediction models have proved to be ineffective for advanced compressor blades, which tend to use the combined sweep and dihedral. As for the prediction parameter DL, although it effectively modeled the effects of the adverse pressure gradient and secondary flow, it failed to predict the corner stall of curved blades because the model failed to consider the intersection of the boundary layer at the corner region. In this paper, the shape factor gradient Ψ of the boundary layer at the corner region was investigated by numerically studying specially shaped expansion pipes under different adverse pressure gradients. The improved prediction parameter DJ was presented based on the model of Ψ and the circumferential pressure gradient ξ. A comparison of the critical range of the prediction parameters DL and DJ was investigated using the NACA65 cascade database, which was established by a numerical method. Then, the stall criterion was validated according to the experimental results of various test facilities with different blade geometries and experimental conditions. The results show that the improved prediction parameter is able to predict the corner separation/stall flows and is in good agreement with the experimental results for axial compressors with three-dimensional designed blades.     

Influence of SPS casing treatment on axial flow compressor subjected to radial pressure distortion

The present work is about the stall margin enhancement ability of a kind of stall precursor-suppressed (SPS) casing treatment when fan/compressor suffers from a radial total pres-sure inlet distortion. Experimental researches are conducted on a low-speed compressor with and without SPS casing treatment under radial distorted inlet flow of different levels as well as uniform inlet flow. The distorted flow fields of different levels are generated by annular distortion flow gen-erators of different heights. The characteristic curves under these conditions are measured and ana-lyzed. The results show that the radial inlet distortion could cause a stall margin loss from 2% to 30% under different distorted levels. The SPS casing treatment could remedy this stall margin loss under small distortion level and only partly make up the stall margin loss caused by distortion in large level without leading to perceptible additional efficiency loss and obvious change of charac-teristic curves. The pre-stall behavior of the compressor is investigated to reveal the mechanism of this stall margin improvement ability of the SPS casing treatment. The results do show that this casing treatment delays the occurrence of rotating stall by weakening the pressure perturbations and suppressing the nonlinear amplification of the stall precursor waves in the compression system.