Developing an ICAO Criteria Aviation English Proficiency Test for CAAC Pilots

Since the ICAO new aviation language requirement comes into being in 2003, several tester organizations try to develop tests for pilots. Recently CAAC has tried to develop ICAO criteria Aviation English Proficiency Test for Pilots. But, does Chinese pilots＇ language proficiency satisfy the ICAO requirements？ How to test a pilot＇s language ability？ How to develop ICAO standard test？ To explore the keys to these questions, the paper has applied the theoretical framework in development of the test, in construction of the tests and in scoring.     

Measurements of the radiation quality factor Q at aviation altitudes during solar minimum (2006–2008)

In radiation protection, the Q-factor has been defined to describe the biological effectiveness of the energy deposition or absorbed dose to humans in the mixed radiation fields at aviation altitudes. This particular radiation field is generated by the interactions of primary cosmic particles with the atoms of the constituents of the Earth’s atmosphere. Thus the intensity, characterized by the ambient dose equivalent rate H∗(10), depends on the flight altitude and the energy spectra of the particles, mainly protons and alpha particles, impinging on the atmosphere. These charged cosmic projectiles are deflected both by the interplanetary and the Earth’s magnetic field such that the corresponding energy spectra are modulated by these fields. The solar minimum is a time period of particular interest since the interplanetary magnetic field is weakest within the 11-year solar cycle and the dose rates at aviation altitudes reach their maximum due to the reduced shielding of galactic cosmic radiation. For this reason, the German Aerospace Center (DLR) performed repeated dosimetric on-board measurements in cooperation with several German airlines during the past solar minimum from March 2006 to August 2008. The Q-factors measured with a TEPC range from 1.98 at the equator to 2.60 in the polar region.     

波音767飞机翼尖小翼改装的技术分析

波音767飞机执行融合型翼尖小翼改装后可获得一系列飞行性能的提升,显著降低燃油成本,可为航空公司创造巨大的经济效益。本文介绍了实施改装中的关键技术以及一些技术问题的解决方案。     

劫机事件处置及民航安保新探

“9．11”事件之后，劫机成为航空犯罪的一种最主要的手段，成为影响民用航空安全的最主要的非法人为因素。笔者以曾经从事民航飞行驾驶的工作经历，拟从军警协作反恐和民航内部防控等四个方面对劫机事件处置及民航安保问题进行分析和探讨。     

一起新材料应用引起的航空机轮故障分析

TC11钛合金在首次应用于某型飞机机轮刹车壳体时,由于对TC11的特性掌握不透,设计考虑不周,造成了使用过程中刹车壳体卡台断裂的故障。通过分析故障原因,制订了改进措施,经试验试飞验证,改进措施有效,为TC11在航空机轮上的推广应用积累了经验。     

Correlation of GPS signal fades due to ionospheric scintillation for aviation applications

Deep and frequent Global Positioning System (GPS) signal fading due to strong ionospheric scintillation is a major concern for GPS-guided aviation in equatorial areas during high solar activity. A GPS aviation receiver may lose carrier tracking lock under deep fading, and a lost channel cannot be used for position calculation until lock is reestablished. Hence, frequent loss of lock due to frequent fading can significantly reduce the availability of GPS aviation. However, the geometric diversity of the satellites can mitigate scintillation impact on GPS aviation depending on the correlation level of deep fades between satellites. This paper proposes a metric to measure the correlation level of two fading channels from the perspective of GPS aviation. Using this metric, the satellite-to-satellite correlation is studied based on real scintillation data. The low satellite-to-satellite correlation shown in this paper envisions notable availability benefit from the geometric diversity of satellites under strong scintillation. In addition, this paper proposes a way to generate correlated fading processes with arbitrary correlation coefficients. Using this correlated fading process model, the availability of Localizer Performance with Vertical guidance (LPV)-200 under severe scintillation scenarios is analyzed. The result emphasizes the importance of a fast reacquisition capability of an aviation receiver after a brief outage, which is not currently mandated by the aviation receiver performance standards.     

Experimental study of ice accretion effects on aerodynamic performance of an NACA 23012 airfoil

In this paper,the effects of icing on an NACA 23012 airfoil have been studied.Experiments were applied on the clean airfoil,runback ice,horn ice,and spanwise ridge ice at a Reynolds number of 0.6 106 over angles of attack from 8° to 20°,and then results are compared.Generally,it is found that ice accretion on the airfoil can contribute to formation of a flow separation bubble on the upper surface downstream from the leading edge.In addition,it is made clear that spanwise ridge ice provides the greatest negative effect on the aerodynamic performance of the airfoil.In this case,the stall angle drops about 10° and the maximum lift coefficient reduces about50% which is hazardous for an airplane.While horn ice leads to a stall angle drop of about 4° and a maximum lift coefficient reduction to 21%,runback ice has the least effect on the flow pattern around the airfoil and the aerodynamic coefficients so as the stall angle decreases 2° and the maximum lift reduces about 8%.     

Sealing reliability modeling of aviation seal based on interval uncertainty method and multidimensional response surface

Many variables affect the sealing performance, and their distribution characteristics are difficult to obtain with probabilistic methods owing to the high cost involved. Numerous problems in engineering are similar due to the appearance of small-sample parameters. In this study, the sealing reliability of an aviation seal was defined as the research object, and an interval uncertainty method and multidimensional response surface were proposed to calculate the sealing reliability.Based on this, we first analyzed the failure mechanism of the aviation seal and established a leakage rate model. Then, based on the non-probabilistic interval model, an interval uncertainty method was proposed to construct the analytical model. With reference to the limit state equation from the structural reliability theory, the multidimensional response surface was used for fast calculation.Then, we chose the single-cylinder gas steering gear used in aircraft as the case study, its sealing reliability in working and non-working statuses were calculated, and the results were verified with the actual maintenance records. By analyzing the sensitivity of some variables, we can improve the sealing reliability of the aviation seal by improving the surface roughness only if the cost allows.Finally, we consider that the method proposed in this study realizes the application of smallsample uncertainty analysis in reliability analysis, and could provide a feasible way to solve the similar problems in engineering with multidimensional and small-sample parameters.     

我国在职管制员的英语现状及其解决对策

新的ICAO通话标准提高了对飞行和管制人员英语听说能力的要求,这对我国民航英语培训和测试都将产生重大影响。本文结合我国实际情况,分析了目前我国在职管制员的英语现状及其存在的问题,并提出了相应的解决对策。     

航空安全前提下的适航管理专业建设研究

民用航空器适航管理是保障航空安全的重要手段。随着我国大飞机计划实施的逐步深入,培养具有良好的适航管理专业素质和审定技术的高级人才成为迫在眉睫的事情。本文分析了我国目前适航管理专业建设现状,结合市场未来对适航管理人才的需求,探讨了适航管理专业人才培养模式,并对适航管理专业的建设提出了建议。