小型无人机自主飞行控制系统的实现

介绍了5kg级小型无人机的结构原理,分析了无人机自主飞行控制系统的结构、功能、特点及控制原理,采用嵌入式系统、GPS、电子罗盘和红外传感器等设计了无人机的飞行姿态控制、导航控制、任务控制系统和弹射与伞降系统。大量飞行实践和比赛飞行表明,这种小型无人机可执行既定任务并具有良好的场地适应性和自主飞行性能。     

惯性导航系统/双星距离差组合导航算法的可行性研究

研究由相对于双星的距离差量测与惯性测量系统构成实时的适用于跟踪高动态目标的组合导航系统的可行性。阐述系统工作原理 ,建立了相关的数学模型 ,用拉格朗日乘子法求出了解析解 ,用 Matlab软件验证其结果并作了误差分析。结果表明 :相对于双星的测距差对于惯性测量系统沿双星连线轴向的测量误差算法有十分明显的修正效果 ,但对与双星连线轴正交方向的测量误差 ,其修正能力很差。指出距离差量测本质上是与双星连线轴向相关的一维量测。欲构成对惯性测量三维方向均有修正作用的实时组合导航系统 ,应当在系统中另增加独立的量测量。     

基于地月信息的奔月探测器自主光学导航

基于地月信息提出了一种奔月转移轨道的自主光学导航算法。该算法首先利用导航相机得到的地球和月球边缘图像与地、月几何形状模型，运用扩展源的空间获取算法导出地心和月心对应的像素，然后利用地心和月心像素、探测器的惯性姿态和该观测历元的地、月星历信息，通过基于UD分解的递推加权最小二乘算法确定了探测器轨道。还引入导航系统的可观度定义来分析了导航系统的可观性，数学仿真结果表明导航的位置误差小于30km，速度误差小于0．3m／s，证明该自主光学导航算法是有效的。     

A guidance law for UAV autonomous aerial refueling based on the iterative computation method

The rendezvous and formation problem is a significant part for the unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV） autonomous aerial refueling（AAR） technique. It can be divided into two major phases： the long-range guidance phase and the formation phase. In this paper, an iterative computation guidance law（ICGL） is proposed to compute a series of state variables to get the solution of a control variable for a UAV conducting rendezvous with a tanker in AAR. The proposed method can make the control variable converge to zero when the tanker and the UAV receiver come to a formation flight eventually. For the long-range guidance phase, the ICGL divides it into two sub-phases： the correction sub-phase and the guidance sub-phase. The two sub-phases share the same iterative process. As for the formation phase, a velocity coordinate system is created by which control accelerations are designed to make the speed of the UAV consistent with that of the tanker.The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed ICGL is effective and robust against wind disturbance.     

An innovative high accuracy autonomous navigation method for the Mars rovers

Autonomous navigation is an important function for a Mars rover to fulfill missions successfully. It is a critical technique to overcome the limitations of ground tracking and control traditionally used. This paper proposes an innovative method based on SINS (Strapdown Inertial Navigation System) with the aid of star sensors to accurately determine the rover?s position and attitude. This method consists of two parts: the initial alignment and navigation. The alignment consists of a coarse position and attitude initial alignment approach and fine initial alignment approach. The coarse one is used to determine approximate position and attitude for the rover. This is followed by fine alignment to tune the approximate solution to accurate one. Upon the completion of initial alignment, the system can be used to provide real-time navigation solutions for the rover. An autonomous navigation algorithm is proposed to estimate and compensate the accumulated errors of SINS in real time. High accuracy attitude information from star sensor is used to correct errors in SINS. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed methods can achieve a high precision autonomous navigation for Mars rovers.     

用于定位星座选择的组合计数算法设计

研究了卫星定位系统接收机中的数据处理技术。首先针对定位星座的优选进行了阐述,指出星座优选实质上为一组合优化问题;在深入分析的基础上,设计了一种基于ｍ序列的组合计数算法,利用该算法进行了仿真计算,并分析了所得结果;最后给出了结论。     

Near real-time BDS GEO satellite orbit determination and maneuver analysis with reversed point positioning

The Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellite is a crucial part of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) constellation. However, due to various perturbation forces acting on the GEO satellite, it drifts gradually over time. Thus, frequent orbit maneuvers are required to maintain the satellite at its designed position. During the orbit maneuver and recovery periods, the orbit quality of the maneuvered satellite computed with broadcast navigation ephemeris will be significantly degraded. Furthermore, the conventional dynamic Precise Orbit Determination (POD) approach may not work well, because of a lack of publicly available satellite information for modeling the thrust forces. In this paper, a near real-time approach free of thrust forces modeling is proposed for BDS GEO satellite orbit determination and maneuver analysis based on the Reversed Point Positioning (RPP). First, the station coordinates and receiver clock offsets are estimated by GPS/BDS combined Single Point Positioning (SPP) with single-frequency phase-smoothed pseudorange observations. Then, with the fixed station coordinates and receiver clock offsets, the RPP method can be conducted to determine the GEO satellite orbits. When no orbit maneuvers occur, the proposed method can obtain orbit accuracies of 0.92, 2.74, and 8.30?m in the radial, along-track, and cross-track directions, respectively. The average orbit-only Signal-In-Space Range Error (SISRE) is 1.23?m, which is slightly poorer than that of the broadcast navigation ephemeris. Using four days of GEO maneuvered datasets, it is further demonstrated that the derived orbits can be employed to characterize the behaviors of GEO satellite maneuvers, such as the time span of the maneuver as well as the satellite thrusting accelerations. These results prove the efficiency of the proposed method for near real-time GEO satellite orbit determination during maneuvers.     

利用双星系统确定载体姿态研究

提出一种基于优化方法的双星定姿算法 ,将载波相位观测作了适当的变形 ,得到适用于基于向量观测的姿态确定算法的问题形式 ,然后采用QUEST算法求解姿态。深入分析了定姿方差和基线布局对定姿精度的影响。计算机仿真结果表明 ,分析的理论定姿精度与统计定姿精度吻合 ,说明了算法的可行性 ,对于实际应用具有一定的指导意义。     

深空探测低信噪比通信研究

与传统无线通信相比, 深空通信由于传输损耗巨大、探测器能量受限且轨道多变等因素, 须解决信噪比(Signal to Noise Ratio, SNR)极低、数据接收不连续及信道参数多变等难题. 针对这些问题, 论述了在深空探测极低SNR下需重点研究的深空天线组阵、编码与调制、联合解调译码、喷泉码以及其自主无线电实现等关键技术, 以有效协助解决上述深空通信难题. 同时, 讨论了这些关键技术的发展趋势及其在未来深空通信中的应用.     

基于信息融合的深空探测器的自主导航方法

天文导航是深空探测器实现自主导航的重要手段之一 ,其基本原理是基于航天器轨道动力学方程和对天体的观测信息 ,利用卡尔曼滤波精确估计航天器的位置和速度。但由于天文导航只使用了相对于天体的角度信息 ,所以定位精度较低。为解决这一问题 ,文章提出了一种在天文观测信息的基础上 ,同时利用多普勒频移测量探测器与地面站的相对速度 ,并利用信息融合将两者有效的结合在一起的导航新方法。计算机仿真结果显示 ,该方法可以大大提高导航定位的精度