基于卫星导航的铁路列车控制系统自主定位技术研究进展

基于卫星导航的车载自主化列车控制是智能铁路技术体系的关键组成部分。对中国列车控制系统体系架构进行了梳理,分析了列控专用列车自主定位基本结构及与列控系统的接口模式。结合列车运行控制对安全性的特定需求,探讨了列车自主定位性能需求体系,介绍了国内外基于卫星导航的新型列车控制系统的发展情况,阐述了列车自主定位技术内涵及主要研究进展,从多源感知融合无缝定位、列车卫星定位主动增强、定位专用轨道地图数据库、自主定位性能测试评估等多个方面进行了全面系统的梳理和分析,介绍了伪卫星增强列车定位、轨旁卫星定位增强网络、地理分布式零现场虚拟测试设施等典型成果,并对前沿技术运用演进、关键场景融合优化、复杂环境安全防护、跨层协同全息感知、专用标准规范体系等未来发展方向进行了展望。     

基于萤火一号技术的自主火星探测器方案

提出了基于萤火一号（YH-1）火星探测器技术的自主火星探测器方案,可携带多种有效载荷在准太阳同步圆轨道上对火星进行科学探测。该方案具有可实现性强、成本低、研制周期短等特点,并能满足火星探测后续工程中的环绕器设计要求,利于我国火星探测的长远发展。利用长征三号乙运载火箭,在西昌卫星发射中心就可实现2013/2016年的我国自主火星探测。     

基于深度强化学习的复杂地形适应机器人设计与实验

针对行星表面轻量化自主探测任务，基于仿生思想设计了一种仿海胆结构的十二足球形机器人，其具备自主改变构型以贴合复杂地形的能力，可实现无倾覆、高容错的全向运动；基于数据驱动方法，对该机器人设计了一种数据高效的无模型强化学习运动策略，可实现无先验知识的从0到1步态训练以及步态的实物样机快速部署。通过在平面地形和非结构化地形中对其进行仿真实验，验证了经过训练的机器人具备自主运动、适应非结构地形等能力；通过与常用基准策略进行对比，证实了本文提出的运动策略具有训练高效、鲁棒性好的优势；最后通过开发原理样机，开展实物实验验证了仿真环境中所生成的步态在真实物理环境中的动力学可行性。     

地外天体着陆巡视探测自主智能技术进展

以月球、火星和小行星等地外天体着陆巡视探测任务为背景，对自主智能技术的发展现状、应用情况与未来趋势进行了分析研究。回顾了目前国内外地外天体着陆巡视探测任务的实施情况；从导航定位与环境感知、轨迹优化与制导控制、自主探测与路径规划、故障诊断与自主处理等四个方面，阐述了该领域自主智能技术的研究现状，并对未来发展态势进行了展望。     

Mahalanobis distance-based fading cubature Kalman filter with augmented mechanism for hypersonic vehicle INS/CNS autonomous integration

Inertial Navigation System/Celestial Navigation System(INS/CNS) integration, especially for the tightly-coupled mode, provides a promising autonomous tactics for Hypersonic Vehicle(HV) in military demands. However, INS/CNS integration is a challenging research task due to its special characteristics such as strong nonlinearity, non-additive noise and dynamic complexity.This paper presents a novel nonlinear filtering method for INS/CNS integration by adopting the emerging Cubature Kalman Filter(C...     

Autonomous navigation for lunar final approach based on gravity gradient measurements

Lunar final approach navigation is critical for pin-point lunar landing in future missions. This study investigates the use of lunar gravity gradient measurements for autonomous navigation of a lunar probe during the final approach phase. As the spacecraft approaches the Moon, the strength of gravity gradient signals improves. A spaceborne gravity gradiometer can precisely measure local gravity gradients, and the latest lunar gravity model GL1500E is used to provide reference values. The employed truncation degree and order of the gravity model are increased stepwise considering the decreasing altitude of the spacecraft in order to reach a compromise between computational costs and model accuracy. An iterative Kalman filter is developed for coupled orbit and attitude estimation using gravity gradient measurements and attitude quaternions obtained from star sensors. A simulated spacecraft with a gradiometer noise level of 0.01 E is considered. Simulation results show that the spacecraft’s position converges rapidly and achieves an accuracy of less than 100 m at the last epoch.     

Autonomous mission reconstruction during the ascending flight of launch vehicles under typical propulsion system failures

In recent years, Chinese Long March(LM) launchers have experienced several launch failures, most of which occurred in their propulsion systems, and this paper studies Autonomous Mission Reconstruction(AMRC) technology to alleviate losses due to these failures. The status of the techniques related to AMRC, including trajectory and mission planning, guidance methods,and fault tolerant technologies, are reviewed, and their features are compared, which reflect the challenges faced by AMRC technology...     

基于低轨通信星座的导航增强技术发展概述

在我国北斗三号卫星导航系统全面完成组网建设的背景下,世界卫星导航步入新时代。各卫星导航大国均瞄准更高服务精度、更加多样功能、更加可靠服务,正在着手开展新一代系统建设和技术迭代。随着各国对于大型低轨通信星座的积极开发与广泛部署,应用低轨卫星技术实现导航增强与PNT系统备份能力,因其易与GNSS协同,具有提高全球自主导航精度、拓展全球卫星导航应用市场的巨大潜力而成为研究热点。面向低轨导航增强技术,首先总结了低轨卫星的最新态势,梳理了卫星导航增强服务模式,并详细分析了低轨通信星座导航精度增强及导航信号增强两方面的技术动向。在此基础上,重点针对导航增强频率的兼容互操作、通信/导航信号一体化设计、高动态导航增强信号捕获与跟踪等方面,对低轨卫星导航增强体系未来的发展机遇以及面临的技术挑战进行了展望。此外,还基于美国铱星系统实收采集信号开展了定位服务性能试验分析,结果表明600个历元内收敛定位精度优于100m,相关分析成果可为我国低轨导航增强建设提供参考和借鉴。