卫星导航有源接收天线噪声温度测量

卫星导航有源接收天线的噪声温度是导航接收系统的关键技术指标之一。针对卫星导航有源天线总体噪声温度无法测量的问题，研制了两台口面型噪声源，口面噪声源主要由辐射体、辐射体物理温度控制和温度测量仪等组成。两个口面噪声源在L和S波段分别提供高低温标准噪声温度，采用Y系数测量方法测量有源接收天线的总体天线噪声温度。测量了某卫星导航有源天线的总噪声温度，在(1.19～1.29) GHz的频率范围内，中心频率1.24 GHz上噪声温度测量结果为206 K，但是在1.266 GHz频率点上噪声温度测量大于4 000 K，说明天线与滤波器之间、滤波器与放大器之间存在设计问题或其它问题，体现出测量有源天线噪声温度的必要性。     

城市环境下北斗B-CNAV1电文RS-LDPC 级联编码方法

针对城市环境下卫星导航系统用户接收终端对电文编译码算法的低复杂度和抗衰落性能需求，以北斗导航系统B-CNAV1电文为改进对象提出了一种外码采用RS码、内码采用二进制LDPC码的电文级联编码方法。通过RS码提高电文对抗突发错误的能力，同时利用二进制LDPC码保证电文对抗随机错误的能力。采用LMS信道对城市接收环境建模，仿真结果验证了本文提出的RS-LDPC级联码与B-CNAV1电文64进制LDPC码具有相近的性能，同时大幅降低了算法复杂度，较好地实现了电文纠错性能和实现复杂度的平衡，提供了一种适用于城市环境的高性能、低复杂度电文编码方法。     

Comprehensive performance review of BDS-3 after one-year official operation

On July 31, 2020, the third generation BeiDou Global Satellite Navigation System (BDS-3) was officially put into service. Here we first reviewed the development history of BDS-3, and described the status of BDS-3 constellation, satellite signals, and ground tracking network. Then we expounded the 10 innovations in which BDS-3 differs from the other global satellite navigation systems. In addition, the latest service performance status of BDS-3 was displayed from a comprehensive perspective. The performance of BDS-3 was analyzed and evaluated from five aspects: constellation performance, observation data quality, spatial signal performance, PNT (Positioning, Navigation, and Timing) service performance, and precision positioning application. We used 14 indices to conduct comprehensive assessment of the BDS-3 service performance. Finally, the main direction of the next development of BDS was prospected.     

导航通信融合定义、方式与典型系统

随着人们对定位安全和定位准确性要求的提升，仅仅依赖卫星导航系统已经不能满足用户在各种复杂环境下的个性化定位需求，在此背景下，通信导航一体化技术应运而生。移动通信网络具有覆盖广、用户数量大和安全保密性好等优点，将通信系统作为卫星导航系统的有效补充，可以有效提升导航系统的性能。导航通信融合技术已经成为导航领域未来发展的重要技术热点，但目前缺乏清晰的导通融合架构和导通融合方式。从导通融合的技术层面进行划分，提出了波形融合、信息融合、硬件融合三种导通融合方式，分析了通信系统的辅助信息对导航系统精度和抗干扰能力的影响，以及两种典型的导通融合系统的优缺点，并对其未来的发展进行了展望，补充了导航通信融合技术的基础理论，对导通融合技术的发展具有重大意义。     

导航卫星时频系统发展综述

全球各大卫星导航系统近年来发展迅速,性能持续提升,其中卫星时频系统的高性能、稳定可靠和保持星间时频同步是系统实现高精度测量的基础.介绍了目前应用于各卫星导航系统的铷钟、氢钟、铯钟等星载原子钟和时频生成与保持技术的特点、发展概况及在轨应用情况.面向精度提升和自主运行能力提升的需求,分析了可能应用于下一代导航卫星的星载原子钟技术、星上时频生成与保持单元性能提升方法以及星间高精度激光时频同步技术,以支撑未来时频基准的天基化和我国综合PNT体系的建设.     

Analysis on navigation accuracy of high orbit spacecraft based on BDS GEO and IGSO satellites

To make up for the insufficiency of earth-based TT&C systems, the use of GNSS technology for high-orbit spacecraft navigation and orbit determination has become a new technology. It is of great value to applying Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) and Inclined GeoStationary Orbit (IGSO) navigation satellites for supporting the navigation of high-orbit spacecraft since there are three different types of navigation satellites in BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS): Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), GEO and IGSO. This paper conducts simulation experiments based on Two-Line Orbital Element (TLE) data to analyze and demonstrate the role of these satellites in the navigation of high-orbit spacecraft. Firstly, the spacecraft in GEO was used as the target satellite to conduct navigation experiments. Experiments show that for the spacecraft on the GEO orbit, after adding GEO and IGSO respectively on the basis of receiving MEO navigation satellite signals, the accuracies were improved by 7.22 % and 6.06 % respectively. When adding both GEO and IGSO navigation satellites at the same time, the accuracy can reach 16 m. In the second place, navigation and positioning experiments were carried out on three high elliptical orbit (HEO) satellites with different semimajor axis (32037.2 km, 42385.9 km, 67509.6 km). The experiments show that the number of visible satellites has been improved significantly after adding GEO and IGSO navigation satellites at the same time. The visible satellites in these three orbits were improved by 32.84 %, 41.12 % and 37.68 %, respectively compared with only observing MEO satellites.The RMS values of the navigation positioning errors of these three orbits are 25.59 m, 87.58 m and 712.48 m, respectively.     

Cooperative fault detection and recovery in the GNSS positioning of mobile agent swarms based on relative distance measurements

Relative measurements are exploited to cooperatively detect and recover faults in the positioning of Mobile Agent(MA) Swarms(MASs). First, a network vertex fault detection method based on edge testing is proposed. For each edge, a property that has a functional relationship with the properties of its two vertices is measured and tested. Based on the edge testing results of the network, the maximum likelihood principle is used to identify the vertex fault sources. Second, an edge distance testing...     

基于卫星轨道软件平台的自主导航计算方法

为增强卫星的自主生存能力，研究了基于卫星轨道软件平台的自主导航计算方法。由星载导航部件获取导航参数，应用数值或解析法进行自主导航计算，以实时获得精确的轨道参数。理论分析和仿真结果表明，读方法正确可行，具有较高的工程应用价值。     

空天飞行器星敏感器安装误差在线标定方法

空天飞行器高动态、长航时的运动特性可能导致一体化安装的惯性/天文组合导航系统中星敏感器与惯导间产生安装误差角。设计了一种星敏感器安装误差角动态辨识方法,建立了星敏感器安装误差角模型,设计了基于天文角度观测的星敏感器安装误差角动态辨识方案,分析了不同机动飞行方式下星敏感器安装误差角的可观测度。仿真结果表明,所设计的基于卡尔曼滤波的动态辨识方法能够在飞行器机动过程中快速地对星敏感器安装误差角进行在线标定,对安装误差角的标定值可以达到实际误差值的85%以上,有效地提高了组合导航系统的精度。     

基于卫星导航的铁路列车控制系统自主定位技术研究进展

基于卫星导航的车载自主化列车控制是智能铁路技术体系的关键组成部分。对中国列车控制系统体系架构进行了梳理,分析了列控专用列车自主定位基本结构及与列控系统的接口模式。结合列车运行控制对安全性的特定需求,探讨了列车自主定位性能需求体系,介绍了国内外基于卫星导航的新型列车控制系统的发展情况,阐述了列车自主定位技术内涵及主要研究进展,从多源感知融合无缝定位、列车卫星定位主动增强、定位专用轨道地图数据库、自主定位性能测试评估等多个方面进行了全面系统的梳理和分析,介绍了伪卫星增强列车定位、轨旁卫星定位增强网络、地理分布式零现场虚拟测试设施等典型成果,并对前沿技术运用演进、关键场景融合优化、复杂环境安全防护、跨层协同全息感知、专用标准规范体系等未来发展方向进行了展望。