推进先进航天计量保证体系的思考

建立了“四体系一平台”航天计量保证体系,成为保障航天型号研制生产的重要技术基础。面临科技创新、军民融合等战略发展机遇,航天计量将发挥自身优势,为型号产品研制生产和国防科技工业发展助力护航。     

自主交会逼近段的模糊/PID混合控制

采用模糊/PID混合控制技术,对自主交会逼近段的轨道控制进行了研究。将逼近段轨道控制解耦为三个独立通道的控制,并分别设计了逼近段轨道控制的模糊控制器、PID控制器和模糊/PID混合控制器。在考虑导航和控制误差情况下,对模糊控制器、PID控制器和模糊/PID混合控制器的轨道控制情况进行了数值仿真,并对三种控制器的轨道稳定性和燃料消耗情况进行了比较。仿真结果表明,模糊/PID混合控制器的最后逼近相对运动轨迹比模糊控制器更稳定,同时燃料消耗更少。     

光学捷联基准导航计算机设计与实现

为满足当前光学捷联基准解算精度高、低功耗、小型化的需求,设计了一种基于现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）和数字信号处理器（DSP）为核心的嵌入式导航计算机。对导航计算机（ENC）硬件设计进行了阐述,并重点研究了导航计算机信息处理模块（MPM）和数据采集通信模块（DCM）的协同使用,充分体现了DSP和FPGA联合使用的优点。其次,研究了基于主惯导航向和计程仪速度组合的Kalman滤波器设计,以解决长时间工作对系统精度的影响。最后,将该导航计算机实际应用于捷联基准中,通过半实物仿真试验,验证了导航计算机硬件方案的可行性和Kalman滤波器设计的合理性。结果表明,基于FPGA和DSP双核的嵌入式导航计算机性能稳定,设计合理,满足光学捷联基准高精度、低功耗的使用要求。     

行星着陆动力下降段相对视觉导航方法

针对行星着陆动力下降段视觉导航自然路标匮乏的问题,提出了一种相对视觉导航方法。该方法利用相机和雷达的测量信息构建相对导航坐标系并求解随机视觉特征点在该坐标系下的位置矢量,利用求解得到的特征点为导航参考,设计相对导航系统,估计着陆器在相对导航坐标系下的位置、速度及姿态信息。同时,构建可观性矩阵,解耦分析位置和姿态的可观性。通过可观性分析可知利用相对导航坐标系下的一个随机特征点即可实现着陆器全状态可观。最后通过仿真分析着陆器状态误差,验证了可观测度理论分析及导航性能。该相对导航方法无需行星地形数据库,且可以实现着陆器全状态的高精度估计,满足行星精确软着陆的需求。     

A guidance approach to satellite formation reconfiguration based on convex optimization and genetic algorithms

This paper presents a new approach for autonomous reconfiguration of distributed space systems, which ensures safe guidance of spacecraft formations towards the desired patterns while optimizing the total propellant consumption. The orbital transfer is reduced to the form of a convex optimization problem to guarantee rapid computation of control laws. Hence, tasks are iteratively assigned to the component platforms to detect the best reconfiguration strategy. The path-planning is entrusted to a reference satellite of the cluster, that coordinates the remaining ones by means of a procedure based on genetic algorithms. Two methods are proposed, depending on the organizational architecture of the spacecraft formation. In the first one, the maneuver is completely planned by the reference satellite, that determines final tasks and control actions for the whole cluster. As an alternative to such a fully-centralized approach, a distributed version of the algorithm is proposed: tasks are sorted by the reference satellite and transfer orbits are computed by exploiting the computational resources of the whole cluster. Whatever the considered framework, both the planners ensure a safe transition of the formation towards the target geometry. Simulation results show that, when relative distances are of the order of hundreds of meters, a mean delta-v per satellite of the order of 0.1 m/s is required to reconfigure LEO clusters within one orbital period.     

An optimal one-way cooperative strategy for two defenders against an attacking missile

This paper investigates a cooperative strategy for protecting an aerial target.The problem is solved as a game among four players(a target,two defenders,and a missile).In this scenario,the target launches two defenders(defender-1 and defender-2)simultaneously,to establish a oneway cooperation system(OCS)against an attacking missile.A new optimal evasion strategy for the target is also derived.During the engagement,the target takes into account the reaction of the attacking missile,and guides defender-1 to the interception point by receiving information from defender-1.Depending on the control effort of the target,defender-2 can choose appropriate launch conditions and use very limited maneuvering capability to intercept the missile.For adversaries with first-order dynamics,simulation results show that the OCS allows two defenders to intercept the missile.During the engagement,even if one defender or communication channel is broken,the OCS still allows an interception to be made,thus increasing the target’s survivability.     

小型核反应堆自主控制及其深空探测应用设想

针对空间小型模块化核反应堆的自主控制问题，提出自主控制体系结构，降低反应堆控制对人的依赖程度，满足了深空探测任务对空间堆自主控制的需求。首先介绍了核反应堆自主控制技术和空间探测自主技术的发展现状，分析了空间小型堆的自主控制需求，然后阐释了自主控制及核反应堆近自主控制的内涵。最后基于空间堆的运行特点，给出小型堆近自主控制分层体系结构的组成元素，并进一步建立了融合决策层和功能层的小型堆多智能体自主控制体系结构。     

基于RLS算法的阵列天线抗干扰性能研究

本文基于空域调零算法中的递推最小二乘算法，对不同阵列天线模型进行了导向矢量的建立，使用MATLAB仿真对比了4元共形阵列天线与4元平面阵列天线在同一干扰信号下的抗干扰性能。验证分析表明，共形阵列天线存在阵元间信号接收增益不一致的现象，会影响算法的抗干扰性能。相比之下，平面阵列中的加心圆阵抗干扰效果较好且算法稳定性较高，能在干扰信号方向上产生准确的“零陷”。     

弹载大视场星惯组合深度融合导航技术

为了降低弹载星惯组合（Stellar-INS）飞行中段对调姿观星的要求，提高星惯组合姿态精度，提出了大视场（LFOV）星惯组合深度融合导航方法。小视场（NFOV）星敏感器输出星矢量为主，大视场星敏感器可同时输出姿态和星矢量信息，分别推导了基于星敏感器输出姿态和星矢量信息的观测方程，分析了星矢量和姿态观测方法之间的关联性。建立了包含星惯安装误差、陀螺误差以及初始平台误差角的星惯组合全误差项模型，基于线性卡尔曼滤波给出了深度融合导航方法。开展了数学仿真验证，分析了不同调姿观星路径约束下，大/小视场星惯组合性能差异。结果表明，大视场星惯组合深度融合导航方法不仅可以降低调姿观星约束要求，还可以实现组合姿态性能提升。     

Robust fault-tolerant saturated control for spacecraft proximity operations with actuator saturation and faults

In this paper, the motion control problem of autonomous spacecraft rendezvous and docking with a tumbling target in the presence of unknown model parameters, external disturbances, actuator saturation and faults is investigated. Firstly, a nonlinear six degree-of-freedom dynamics model is established to describe the relative motion of the chaser spacecraft with respect to the tumbling target. Subsequently, a robust fault-tolerant saturated control strategy with no precise knowledge of model parameters and external disturbances is proposed by combining the sliding mode control technique with an adaptive methodology. Then, within the Lyapunov framework, it is proved that the designed robust fault-tolerant controller can guarantee the relative position and attitude errors converge into small regions containing the origin. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control strategy.