A vision-based navigation approach with multiple radial shape marks for indoor aircraft locating

Since GPS signals are unavailable for indoor navigation, current research mainly focuses on vision-based locating with a single mark. An obvious disadvantage with this approach is that locating will fail when the mark cannot be seen. The use of multiple marks can solve this problem. However, the extra process to design and identify different marks will significantly increase system complexity. In this paper, a novel vision-based locating method is proposed by using marks with feature points arranged in a radial shape. The feature points of the marks consist of inner points and outer points. The positions of the inner points are the same in all marks, while the positions of the outer points are different in different marks. Unlike traditional camera locating methods （the PnP methods）, the proposed method can calculate the camera location and the positions of the outer points simultaneously. Then the calculation results of the positions of the outer points are used to identify the mark. This method can make navigation with multiple marks more efficient. Simulations and real world experiments are carried out, and their results show that the proposed method is fast, accurate and robust to noise.     

A new method of single celestial-body sun positioning based on theory of mechanisms

Considering defects of current single celestial-body positioning methods such as discon-tinuity and long period, a new sun positioning algorithm is herein put forward. Instead of tradi-tional astronomical spherical trigonometry and celestial coordinate system, the proposed new positioning algorithm is built by theory of mechanisms. Based on previously derived solar vector equations (from a C1R2P2 series mechanism), a further global positioning method is developed by inverse kinematics. The longitude and latitude coordinates expressed by Greenwich mean time (GMT) and solar vector in local coordinate system are formulated. Meanwhile, elimination method of multiple solutions, errors of longitude and latitude calculation are given. In addition, this algo-rithm has been integrated successfully into a mobile phone application to visualize sun positioning process. Results of theoretical verification and smart phone’s test demonstrate the validity of pre-sented coordinate’s expressions. Precision is shown as equivalent to current works and is acceptable to civil aviation requirement. This new method solves long-period problem in sun sight running fix-ing and improves applicability of sun positioning. Its methodology can inspire development of new sun positioning device. It would be more applicable to be combined with inertial navigation systems for overcoming discontinuity of celestial navigation systems and accumulative errors of inertial nav-igation systems.     

基于伪距信息的COMPASS-MEO导航卫星单星定轨分析

COMPASS-MEO导航卫星的伪距观测量包含星站距离、接收机钟差和卫星钟差以及各种噪声。本文首先分析了接收机钟差和卫星钟差在一定间隔内主要表现为线性变化的特性,可以考虑将接收机和卫星钟差作为测距的偏差和偏差变化率和轨道一起进行求解。其次,利用实测的MEO导航单星伪距数据,进行了数据预处理和定轨试验,分别对站间无时间同步信息和有时间同步信息两种情况进行定轨、残差分析和参数解算。使用重叠弧段、轨道预报和激光观测数据验证定轨结果的精度。结果表明,两种情况下的定轨结果无明显差别。该定轨方法可以运用于MEO导航单星精密轨道的计算。     

空间飞行器的多普勒实时自主定轨精度分析

空间飞行器需要实时的高精度轨道信息来完成对栽荷的指令操作和遥感数据的实时处理。除了星栽GPS技术,星载多普勒无线电定轨定位系统（DORIS,Doppler Orbitography and Radio—positioning Intergrated by Satellite）是仅有的有能力提供分米级精度的实时在轨轨道确定技术,它可通过测量星地相对多普勒频移,在星上完成实时定轨和预报,目前该技术已在国外多个卫星上实现,达到了较好的效果,而我国还没有建立这样实时自主定轨系统。为此,结合我国高分辨率空间对地观测系统的建设需求和我国航天器对实时自主定轨及其精度的要求,利用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法对多普勒测量进行了实时自主定轨仿真计算,分析了频率偏差估计与否、初轨误差、地面信标站地理分布以及观测精度等对实时自主定轨的滤波收敛时间和定轨精度的影响,为我国利用DORIS技术进行实时在轨轨道确定提供方案和软件原型。仿真计算表明,基于28个全球分布的地面站,对于高度为800km的卫星,在忽略其动力学模型误差的假设下,若初轨三维位置、速度误差分别为100m（或差至1km）、1m／S（1d）,2h后滤波可以达到稳定收敛,收敛后的实时定轨误差可以达到0．1m（1d）。滤波估计参数除了6个卫星轨道状态参数,还估计了地面信标相对于卫星超稳定振荡器的频率偏差;     

新型非壅塞式固体火箭冲压发动机试验研究

建立了一种新型非壅塞燃气发生器固体火箭冲压发动机系统。一系列直连式实验证实,验证的镁铝中能贫氧推进剂在低压（≥０．５ＭＰａ）范围内可以稳定燃烧,燃气发生器的工作压强可以随冲压补燃室压强的改变而变化,因此贫氧推进剂燃速随之进行自适应调节,最终达到富燃烧气流量自主调节的目的。     

惯性敏感器与星敏感器之间在轨自主标定比较研究

惯性敏感器与星敏感器组合定姿是航天器高精度姿态确定的常用手段。通常将惯性敏感器的常值漂移作为扩展状态进行标定,而将星敏感器的常值偏差作为扩展状态进行估计也是可能的。本文对这两种方法的定姿精度进行了分析比较,给出了选用的准则。     

北斗D2导航电文解析和完好性性能分析

为评估北斗D2导航电文对系统空间信号完好性影响，对D2导航电文结构和内容进行研究。首先，通过基本导航信息的解析，给出了确定卫星位置和用户位置过程所需的信息和时间，并对受卫星星历和时钟影响的用户测距误差做了说明，介绍了电离层误差、对流层误差改正模型。然后，通过增强服务信息的解析，论述了完好性信息（RURA、UDRE）及格网电离层延迟的计算方法。最后给出了使用完好性信息、用户局部误差获取用户定位误差保护级的算法。     

Automatic orbital docking with tumbling target using sliding mode control

The present study aimed to propose translational and rotational control of a chaser spacecraft in the close vicinity docking phase with a target subjected to external disturbances. For this purpose, two sliding mode controls (SMC) are developed to coordinate the relative position and attitude of two spacecraft. The chaser is guided to the tumbling target by the relative position control, approaching in the direction of the target docking port. At the same moment, the relative attitude control coordinates the chaser attitude so that it can be aligned with the target orientation. These control systems regulate the relative translational and rotational velocities to be zero when two spacecraft are docking. The robustness of the closed-loop system in the presence of external disturbances, measurement noises and uncertainties is guaranteed by analyzing and calculating the control gains via the Lyapunov function. The simulations in different scenarios indicated the effectiveness of the controller scheme and precise maneuver regarding the accuracy of docking conditions.     

Mission-driven autonomous perception and fusion based on UAV swarm

Distributed autonomous situational awareness is one of the most important foundation for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) swarm to implement various missions. Considering the application environment being usually characterized by strong confrontation, high dynamics, and deep uncertainty, the distributed situational awareness system based on UAV swarm needs to be driven by the mission requirements, while each node in the network can autonomously avoid collisions and perform detection mission through limited resource sharing as well as complementarity of respective advantages. By efficiently solving the problems of self-avoidance, autonomous flocking and splitting, joint estimation and control, etc., perception data from multi-platform multi-source should be extracted and fused reasonably, to generate refined, tailored target information and provide reliable support for decision-making.     

基于载波相位的多通道相位一致性测量方法CSCD

对于卫星导航系统,由导航天线进行波束合成的多路并行导航信号需要具有严格的相位一致性,本文给出基于专用地检设备的多通道相位一致性测量方法。该地检设备采用载波相位辅助伪码测距技术,通过载波相位和伪码相位的联合解算,实现了伪码相位对载波相位解整周期模糊,最终测距精度达到1ps。采用该测试方法对系统进行配相,实现了各通道无周期模糊的相位一致性。