Three-dimensional analysis of relationship between relative orientation and motion modes

Target motion modes have a close relationship with the relative orientation of missile-totarget in three-dimensional highly maneuvering target interception. From the perspective of relationship between the sensor coordinate system and the target body coordinate system, a basic model of sensor is stated and the definition of relative angular velocity between the two coordinate systems is introduced firstly. Then, the three-dimensional analytic expressions of relative angular velocity for different motion modes are derived and simplified by analyzing the influences of target centroid motion, rotation around centroid and relative motion. Finally, the relationships of the relative angular velocity directions and values with motion modes are discussed. Simulation results validate the rationality of the theoretical analysis. It is demonstrated that there are significant differences of the relative orientation in different motion modes which include luxuriant information about motion modes. The conclusions are significant for the research of motion mode identification,maneuver detection, maneuvering target tracking and interception using target signatures.     

Improvement of the GRACE star camera data based on the revision of the combination method

The new release of the sensor and instrument data (Level-1B release 02) of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) had a substantial impact on the improvement of the overall accuracy of the gravity field models. This has implied that improvements on the sensor data level can still significantly contribute to arriving closer to the GRACE baseline accuracy. The recent analysis of the GRACE star camera data (SCA1B RL02) revealed their unexpectedly higher noise. As the star camera (SCA) data are essential for the processing of the K-band ranging data and the accelerometer data, thorough investigation of the data set was needed. We fully reexamined the SCA data processing from Level-1A to Level-1B with focus on the combination method of the data delivered by the two SCA heads. In the first step, we produced and compared our own combined attitude solution by applying two different combination methods on the SCA Level-1A data. The first method introduces the information about the anisotropic accuracy of the star camera measurement in terms of a weighing matrix. This method was applied in the official processing as well. The alternative method merges only the well determined SCA boresight directions. This method was implemented on the GRACE SCA data for the first time. Both methods were expected to provide optimal solution characteristic by the full accuracy about all three axes, which was confirmed. In the second step, we analyzed the differences between the official SCA1B RL02 data generated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and our solution. SCA1B RL02 contains systematically higher noise of about a factor 3–4. The data analysis revealed that the reason is the incorrect implementation of algorithms in the JPL processing routines. After correct implementation of the combination method, significant improvement within the whole spectrum was achieved. Based on these results, the official reprocessing of the SCA data is suggested, as the SCA attitude data are one of the key observations needed for the gravity field recovery.     

Accurate attitude estimation of HB2 standard model based on QNCF in hypersonic wind tunnel test

The accuracy of the HB2 standard model attitude measurement has an important impact on the hypersonic wind tunnel data assessment. The limited size of the model and the existence of external vibrations make it challenging to obtain real-time reliable attitude measurement. To reduce the influence of attitude errors on test results, this paper proposes a Quaternion Nonlinear Complementary Filter (QNCF) attitude determination algorithm based on Microelectromechanical Inertial Measurement Unit (MEMS-IMU). Firstly, the threshold-based PI control strategy is adopted to eliminate noise effect according to the Acceleration Magnitude Detector (AMD). Then, the flexible quaternion method is updated to carry out attitude estimation which is operational and easy to be embedded in the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Finally, a high-precision three-axis turntable test and a hypersonic wind tunnel test are performed. The results show that the pitch-roll attitude errors are within 0.05° and 0.08° in the high-precision three-axis turntable test in a calculation time of 100 s respectively, and the attitude error is within 0.3° after the elastic angle correction in the hypersonic wind tunnel test. The proposed method can provide accurate real-time attitude reference for the analysis of the actual movement of the model, exhibiting certain engineering application value with robustness and simplicity.     

Attitude coordination for spacecraft formation with multiple communication delays

Communication delays are inherently present in information exchange between spacecraft and have an effect on the control performance of spacecraft formation. In this work, attitude coordination control of spacecraft formation is addressed, which is in the presence of multiple communication delays between spacecraft. Virtual system-based approach is utilized in case that a constant reference attitude is available to only a part of the spacecraft. The feedback from the virtual systems to the spacecraft formation is introduced to maintain the formation. Using backstepping control method, input torque of each spacecraft is designed such that the attitude of each spacecraft converges asymptotically to the states of its corresponding virtual system. Furthermore, the backstepping technique and the Lyapunov–Krasovskii method contribute to the control law design when the reference attitude is time-varying and can be obtained by each spacecraft. Finally, effectiveness of the proposed methodology is illustrated by the numerical simulations of a spacecraft formation.     

基于ISMDO的高超声速再入机动预测控制

首先,针对高超声速飞行器(Hypersonic Vehicle,HSV)再入过程中的横侧向机动控制问题,参考BTT控制方式,通过对航迹和姿态角回路的控制,实现了HSV的无侧滑横向机动转弯;其次,针对机动飞行中的不确定控制问题,提出了改进滑模干扰观测器(Improved Sliding Mode Disturbance Observer,ISMDO)来对参数不确定及外界干扰进行估计。在此基础上,提出了基于ISMDO的非线性广义预测控制方法作为HSV的机动飞行控制算法。仿真结果表明,该控制策略对再入横向机动具有良好的控制和干扰抑制能力。     

战术机动对飞机作战生存力的影响研究

战术作为飞机生存力的影响因素,只被定性的提出.为定量化研究战术对飞机作战生存力的影响效果,以战术机动为例,建立了比例导引导弹在水平平面内对飞机的攻击模型;对飞机实施常规的盘旋机动规避导弹进行了仿真,验证了所建模型的合理性;假设机动的初始方向为随机量,采用蒙特卡罗方法,讨论了飞机实施超机动的初始距离与飞机生存概率的关系;...     

挠性卫星大角度机动的混合控制方法研究

对于具有不确定性的多输人多输出非线性系统,仅用v0线性化设计方法不能获得好的控制结果.为此,设计了自适应模糊控制器,把I/O线性化方法和自适应模糊控制相结合,构成混合控制器.并将此控制器引人到卫星大角度机动控制系统中,以补偿由系统的不确定性所造成的跟踪误差,从而增强I/O线性化控制器的鲁棒性,最终实现零误差跟踪.     

重力梯度力矩引起的自旋稳定卫星姿态摄动

建立了自旋稳定卫星姿态摄动的数值分析方法及模型,对重力梯度力矩作用下自旋卫星自旋轴相对于地心惯性系进动和章动以及赤经和赤纬的变化进行了仿真分析。对重力梯度力矩引起的自旋稳定卫星姿态摄动的演化规律进行了研究。指出在重力梯度力矩的作用下：自旋轴指向绕轨道面法线进动;章动角速度远小于进动角速度;轨道角速度越大,星体相对于地心惯性系的进动角速度和章动角速度越大,赤经和赤纬的变化率越大;自旋角速度越大,星体相对于地心惯性系的进动角速度和章动角速度越小,赤经和赤纬的变化率越小。     

Spinning solar sail orbit steering via spin rate control

The orbit of a solar sail can be controlled by changing the attitude of the spacecraft. In this study, we consider the spinning solar power sail IKAROS (Interplanetary Kite-craft Accelerated by Radiation Of the Sun), which is managed by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The IKAROS attitude, i.e., the direction of its spin-axis, is nominally controlled by the rhumb-line control method. By utilizing the solar radiation torque, however, we are able to change the direction of the spin-axis by only controlling its spin rate. With this spin rate control, we can also control indirectly the solar sail’s trajectory. The main objective of this study is to construct the orbit control strategy of the solar sail via the spin-rate control method. We evaluate this strategy in terms of its propellant consumption compared to the rhumb-line control method. Finally, we present the actual flight attitude data of IKAROS and the change of its trajectory.     

敏捷卫星快速姿态机动方法研究

针对敏捷卫星的三轴大角度机动控制要求,给出了一种基于轨迹规划的敏捷卫星姿态机动方法．根据目标姿态和当前姿态,按照欧拉轴-角方式,沿特征主轴设计了最小路径的机动轨迹,并采用四个单框架控制力矩陀螺（SGCMG）组成的“金字塔”构型的控制力矩陀螺群（CMGs）进行了大角度机动控制的数学仿真,验证了方法的可行性．