基于动态逆和神经网络的机动弹头姿态控制系统设计

机动弹头是复杂的非线性系统,它给姿态控制系统设计人员以极大的挑战。为了满足飞行稳定性要求,提高系统的适应性和鲁棒性,本文构造了动态逆神经网络姿态控制系统,设计了慢变量和快变量动态逆,引入了在线神经网络进行逆误差的补偿。实例仿真的结果表明:动态逆和在线神经网络的结合,能够实现弹头的稳定飞行。     

准滑模控制在大气层外拦截器姿态控制中的应用

滑模变结构控制本身的抖振问题影响了其在实际中的广泛应用,而准滑模变结构控制不仅能够削弱系统抖振,而且对干扰具有较强的鲁棒性。本文以大气层外拦截器(EKV)为研究对象,采用准滑模控制律,并经过简单的推导给出了邻域Δ的一种选择方法。数学仿真表明,EKV的姿态控制采用准滑模控制,在各种干扰情况下姿态角偏差都能稳定,还削弱了抖振。因此,准滑模控制应用于EKV的姿态控制是可行的。     

基于四元数反馈线性化的飞行器姿态控制方法研究

空间飞行器姿态控制系统是一个非线性多输入多输出系统,其姿控执行机构的布局及工作特性决定了姿态控制的难易程度。针对飞行器以姿控发动机作为姿控执行机构时的大角度姿态运动需求,本文采用单位四元数作为弹体姿态描述,考虑到姿控发动机布局对姿态控制的影响,直接以姿控发动机推力作为系统的控制输入,利用反馈线性化方法,将原非线性系统转化为一个六阶线性子系统和一个一阶内动态子系统。在对内动态分析的基础上,针对线性子系统设计了四元数PD反馈控制律。在转动惯量不确定性以及轨控大干扰力矩存在的情况下,对闭环控制系统进行了大角度姿态运动数字仿真。仿真结果表明,本文所设计的姿控方法能够有效地实现飞行器大角度姿态控制,并对系统参数摄动及外部干扰具有较强的鲁棒性。     

Effects of in-track maneuver on Sun illumination conditions of near-circular low Earth orbits

By developing approximate analytical models considering the J₂ perturbation, the effects of an in-track maneuver on the orbital Sun illumination conditions of near-circular low Earth orbits are analyzed. First, two approximate models for the variations in orbital sunshine angles are developed, one for variations at a given time and the other for variations at a given argument of latitude. Next, two approximate models for variations in orbital arc in Earth shadow are developed, one considers the small eccentricity and the other uses the zero eccentricity. Finally, the developed approximate models are applied to analyzing the Sun illumination conditions of a typical in-track maneuver mission on a near-circular low Earth orbit. From the results obtained, three major conclusions can be drawn. First, the variations in orbital sunshine angles at a given time may reach tens of degrees when the drifting time reaches hundreds of orbital periods, and the approximate model for that situation cannot effectively approach the numerical results. Second, the variations in orbital sunshine angles for any given argument of latitude are only a couple of degrees even when the drifting time reaches 500 orbital periods, and the approximation model developed can effectively approach the numerical results. Third, for variations in orbital arc in Earth shadow, the approximate model considering the small eccentricity has simple expressions and can effectively approach the numerical results; in contrast, the approximate model using the zero eccentricity has relatively worse precision.     

机载单站只测向定位最优机动研究

概述了机载单站只测向定位最优机动求解算法，研究了基于最大方位角变化率准则下的观测机机动轨迹，得到理论上的最优定位机动，并结合实际运用，分析出两种近似最优的机动：“一”形（直线形）机动和S形机动，通过仿真，验证了这2种机动方式在一定条件下可以等效于最优机动，具有良好的定位效果。     

Development,integrated investigation,laboratory and in-flight testing of Chibis-M microsatellite ADCS

Design, analytical investigation, laboratory and in-flight testing of the attitude determination and control system (ADCS) of a microsatellites are considered. The system consists of three pairs of reaction wheels, three magnetorquers, a set of Sun sensors, a three-axis magnetometer and a control unit. The ADCS is designed for a small 10–50 kg LEO satellite. System development is accomplished in several steps: satellite dynamics preliminary study using asymptotical and numerical techniques, hardware and software design, laboratory testing of each actuator and sensor and the whole ADCS. Laboratory verification is carried out on the specially designed test-bench.In-flight ADCS exploitation results onboard the Russian microsatellite “Chibis-M” are presented. The satellite was developed, designed and manufactured by the Institute of Space Research of RAS. “Chibis-M” was launched by the “Progress-13M” cargo vehicle on January 25, 2012 after undocking from the International Space Station (ISS). This paper assess both the satellite and the ADCS mock-up dynamics. Analytical, numerical and laboratory study results are in good correspondence with in-flight data.     

含有不平衡飞轮的卫星精确动力学模型研究

针对含不平衡飞轮的卫星动力学模型,给出了不平衡飞轮的转动惯量矩阵。用多刚体建模方法,建立了综合的完整姿态动力学分析模型,提出了质心位置的计算方法。通过飞轮系统的完整精确模型,将飞轮扰动对三轴姿态稳定卫星的影响反映至滚转一俯仰一偏航三轴姿态。Matlab／Simulink环境中仿真验证了该系统角动量为常值。分析了不平衡飞轮对卫星姿态的影响,并解释了模型的应用。研究表明飞轮扰动影响不可忽略,精确的动力学模型对未来航天器的应用有重要意义。     

单天基平台测向的空间非合作目标跟踪

针对仅含角度测量信息的单个天基平台可观测性较弱的问题,提出了一种含脉冲机动检测的空间非合作目标跟踪算法,并设计了非合作目标实时跟踪数据处理流程.该算法利用抗差估计技术和UKF（Unscented Kalman Filter,无迹卡尔曼滤波）算法构造目标跟踪滤波器,并综合残差多项式拟合和新息分布特征等方法实现目标机动检测,在天基平台观测信息类型有限和观测几何较差的情况下,可以同时排除孤立野值和成片测量野值的影响,实现非合作机动目标的连续稳定跟踪.数值实验验证了算法的可行性和有效性,也表明了跟踪精度和可靠性与测量精度密切相关.     

一种基于机动辨识预测的空空导弹导引律

现有的空空导弹导引头在有噪声和干扰的环境下获得目标精确信息存在时间延迟,且新一代目标的机动能力更强,不对导弹加以补偿会造成较大脱靶量,所以需对目标状态有效预测。针对新一代目标规避空空导弹常用的大机动模式,为满足新一代空空导弹发展需求,设计了一种新型复合导引律。从目标自身出发,研究高机动目标规避导弹采用的典型机动形式,对机动轨迹进行离线建模,构建具有扩展能力的目标机动模型库。设计自适应滤波器对测量噪声进行降噪。同时,利用模型库设计了机动辨识预测器,对目标实际机动进行在线辨识。基于在线辨识的结果对目标机动进行预测,并对时间延迟进行补偿和修正,实现对高机动目标的精确打击。仿真结果表明:该方法对不同类型的机动目标均有较高的预测精度和命中精度。     

飞行器数字姿控系统数字校正滤波器参数优化设计

本文提出一种数字校正滤波器Z域最佳逼进设计算法,根据数字滤波器期望特性,在Z平面上直接优化设计滤波器参数,这种算法对任何形式的数字校正滤波器(递归式和非递归式)均是适用的。