Rosina – Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis

The Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis (ROSINA) will answer important questions posed by the mission’s main objectives. After Giotto, this will be the first time the volatile part of a comet will be analyzed in situ. This is a very important investigation, as comets, in contrast to meteorites, have maintained most of the volatiles of the solar nebula. To accomplish the very demanding objectives through all the different phases of the comet’s activity, ROSINA has unprecedented capabilities including very wide mass range (1 to >300 amu), very high mass resolution (m/Δ m > 3000, i.e. the ability to resolve CO from N₂ and ¹³C from ¹²CH), very wide dynamic range and high sensitivity, as well as the ability to determine cometary gas velocities, and temperature. ROSINA consists of two mass spectrometers for neutrals and primary ions with complementary capabilities and a pressure sensor. To ensure that absolute gas densities can be determined, each mass spectrometer carries a reservoir of a calibrated gas mixture allowing in-flight calibration. Furthermore, identical flight-spares of all three sensors will serve for detailed analysis of all relevant parameters, in particular the sensitivities for complex organic molecules and their fragmentation patterns in our electron bombardment ion sources.     

航空头盔典型件冲击保护性能实验研究

利用分离式Hopkinson压杆研究了几种航空头盔典型件的冲击保护性能,测量了各构件的能量吸收率.讨论了冲击过程和能量吸收过程,进一步分析了头盔外壳材料力学性能及泡沫衬垫密度对头盔能量吸收率的影响规律.实验表明,在一定范围内外壳力学性能和泡沫衬垫密度对于能量吸收起着重要作用.为设计新一代航空头盔提供了可靠的实验依据.     

可移动式六极束管型铯原子钟

描述了一种可移动式铯原子钟的设计和性能。该装置可断续或连续运行,结构独特、潜力较大,在一定使用环境下,主要技术指标达到了国外商品铯钟相应的先进水平。     

基于CORDIC算法的DDS在铷原子频标中的应用

铷原子频标是各种原子频标中发展最为活跃的,由于其独特的外在及内在的特点,使其在商业通信、空间导航等领域得到最为广泛的应用。铷原子频标中,通过DDS和倍频链共同生成Rb87原子跃迁所需的微波信号,其中带有任意尾数频率DDS的产生是非常重要的一个环节,而目前的DDS多采用查表法来实现,而对于高分辨力的DDS,查表法则需要相当巨大的ROM空间,以至于无法用于较高要求的设计中。简要介绍铷原子频标的基本原理的基础上,提出并且实现了一种基于CORDIC算法的DDS,本算法通过简单的加、减和移位等基本操作来实现DDS的功能,并给出实现DDS的实例。     

基于差分吸收光谱技术的烟道SO2浓度的测量

利用差分光谱吸收（DOAS）技术，测量大气中痕量污染气体的浓度，是当前环保行业一项热门技术。对此方法适当改进，可以用来监测工业烟道排出的SO2的浓度和排放量，研究了利用DOAS技术测量烟气的测量方法、数据处理以及减小误差的方法，实现了烟气中SO2的在线实时测量。     

MESSENGER and the Chemistry of Mercury’s Surface

The instrument suite on the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft is well suited to address several of Mercury’s outstanding geochemical problems. A combination of data from the Gamma-Ray and Neutron Spectrometer (GRNS) and X-Ray Spectrometer (XRS) instruments will yield the surface abundances of both volatile (K) and refractory (Al, Ca, and Th) elements, which will test the three competing hypotheses for the origin of Mercury’s high bulk metal fraction: aerodynamic drag in the early solar nebula, preferential vaporization of silicates, or giant impact. These same elements, with the addition of Mg, Si, and Fe, will put significant constraints on geochemical processes that have formed the crust and produced any later volcanism. The Neutron Spectrometer sensor on the GRNS instrument will yield estimates of the amount of H in surface materials and may ascertain if the permanently shadowed polar craters have a significant excess of H due to water ice. A comparison of the FeO content of olivine and pyroxene determined by the Mercury Atmospheric and Surface Composition Spectrometer (MASCS) instrument with the total Fe determined through both GRNS and XRS will permit an estimate of the amount of Fe present in other forms, including metal and sulfides.     

带限位台阶的高阻尼橡胶减振器性能试验分析

航天工程中的有害振动可通过高阻尼橡胶减振器进行控制,但核心耗能单元和其他部件之间的连接容易失效。为了改进高阻尼橡胶减振器中阻尼材料和钢板的连接模式,使两者在较大变形下具有较高的机械连接性能,并且避免采用高温高压整体硫化的生产工艺,提出了一种带限位台阶的装配式高阻尼橡胶减振器。该减振器的阻尼材料和钢板之间采用常温胶黏连接模式,且在阻尼材料和钢板的连接边界面上设置了若干个具有一定高度的阶梯状限位台阶。对限位阶梯总高度分别为3 mm、4 mm、5 mm的3种不同装配式高阻尼橡胶减振器进行了不同加载频率和幅值的性能试验。试验结果表明:新型装配式高阻尼橡胶减振器在大变形下具有较强的耗能能力。带限位台阶的减振器和没有限位台阶的减振器相比,最大储能模量提高了22.3%,损耗因子提高了24.9%,且在较大位移幅值工况下,滞回曲线由原本的椭圆形变成类8字型,在保证较高阻尼力的同时使得滞回曲线所包络的面积增大,最大增幅可达588%。该新型减振器无需高温高压整体硫化,可以显著降低生产成本并提高生产效率,具有显著的性能优势和广泛的应用前景。     

我国早期原子钟研制历程回顾

“2019全国时间频率学术会议”是由四个专业委员会联合每两年举办一次的20周年纪念会。20年来，我国原子钟事业已有长足发展，成为世界上原子钟研制与开发的大国。但总体上说，我们的工作还是以跟随为主，真正属于自主创新的较少。不改变这种局面，我们还难以成为独立自主的时间频率强国，为国家经济和国防建设作出应有贡献。本文回顾了我国原子钟研发的情况，提到一些从基础研究上属于原始创新的案例。阐述了这些案例是在简陋的实验条件下依靠对原子钟内各类实验现象进行深入的物理分析基础上出现的。同时，也指出了在比较粗糙的工艺条件下实现精细的技术指标中能工巧匠所起的特殊作用。文章也约略提到国内各单位间无私协作的崇高精神。本文将讲述一些故事，并就原子钟产业的问题表示一点看法。中国要实现“强国梦”，阻力和困难还很多很艰巨，我们必须拥有丰富的原始创新来加以克服。为此，坚韧的奋斗钻研精神和传统仍不失借鉴与继承意义。     

CPT原子钟系统光源温度控制设计与实现

介绍了半导体激光器波长影响机理,针对相干布局数囚禁（CPT）原子钟系统光源,设计并制作了通过半导体激光器的温度稳定的电路。实验结果表明,采用此电路的激光器,其温度稳定度约为0.02℃,相应波长稳定度可达0.001 2 nm。     

The Ice Survey Opportunity of ISO

The instruments on board the Infrared Space Observatory have for the first time allowed a complete low (PHOT, CVF) to medium resolution (SWS) spectroscopic harvest, from 2.5 to 45 μm, of interstellar dust. Amongst the detected solids present in starless molecular clouds surrounding recently born stellar and still embedded objects or products of the chemistry in some mass loss envelopes, the so-called “ice mantles” are of specific interest. They represent an interface between the very refractory carbonaceous and silicates materials that built the first grains with the rich chemistry taking place in the gas phase. Molecules condense, react on ices, are subjected to UV and cosmic ray irradiation at low temperatures, participating efficiently to the evolution toward more complex molecules, being in constant interaction in an ice layer. They also play an important role in the radiative transfer of molecular clouds and strongly affect the gas phase chemistry. ISO results shed light on many other species than H₂O ice. The detection of these van der Waal's solids is mainly performed in absorption. Each ice feature observed by ISO spectrometer is an important species, with abundance in the 10⁻⁴–10⁻⁷ range with respect to H₂. Such high abundances represent a substantial reservoir of matter that, once released later on, replenishes the gas phase and feeds the ladder of molecular complexity. Medium resolution spectroscopy also offers the opportunity to look at individual line profiles of the ice features, and therefore to progressively reveal the interactions taking place in the mantles. This article will give a view on selected results to avoid to overlap with the numerous reviews the reader is invited to consult (e.g. van Dishoeck, in press; Gibb et al., 2004.). Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries: France, Germany, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom), and with the participation of ISAS and NASA.