Aero-optical effects simulation technique for starlight transmission in boundary layer under high-speed conditions

Aero-optical effects for starlight transmission in the high-speed flow field will reduce the accuracy of the star sensor on an aircraft. Numerical simulations for aero-optical effects usually require plenty of calculations, which cause difficulties when designing a celestial navigation system for a high-speed aircraft. In this study, an Aero-Optical Simulator For Starlight Transmission (AOSST) in the boundary layer is developed. It effectively reduces the computational burden compared to that of the widely used CFD simulation, and it achieves satisfactory accuracy. In this simulator, gas ellipsoids satisfying certain design rules are used to simulate coherent density structures in boundary layers. Design rules for the gas ellipsoids are found from published experimental and high-fidelity CFD simulation results. The generated wavefront distortion by AOSST is anchored with the scale law for aero-optical distortion in the boundary layer by determining some control parameters, which enables the simulator to output reliable results over a wide range of flight states. Four numerical examples are provided to verify the performance of AOSST. The results demonstrate that AOSST is able to simulate the directional dependence of aero-optical distortions in boundary layers, the variation trend of distorted wavefront shapes with Reynolds number, and the grayscale distribution on the disturbed star map.     

新型高空探测系统

研发了一种新型全自动高空探测系统,其利用GPS定位,宽波瓣天线捕捉和低噪声接收的方法替代雷达或无线电经纬仪对高空探测仪进行跟踪定位和获取信息,具有不受低仰角的限制,目标不易丢失,性能价格比高等特点,成功将GPS应用于1680 MHz遥测数据传输体制.利用该系统进行了空中大气电场的探测实验,获得了满意的探测结果.由于系统轻便、操作简单、成本较低以及良好的机动性和可靠性,在近地空间环境探测和高空大气科学探测试验及常规的气象探测中有广阔的应用前景.     

边界层内水介质在压差驱动下沿小孔向气腔射流问题研究

对边界层内小孔气水多相流场下射流问题开展数值仿真及定常水洞试验研究,建立了适用于边界层内压差驱动下小孔向气腔射流多相流场问题研究的数值仿真计算模型,针对典型孔参数及气水流场条件,对比分析了仿真试验数据,验证了数值仿真模型的正确性及模型计算精度。结合流体质点受力及运动模型及平板边界层理论,分析了气水域压力场特征及水域流动规律对小孔射流过程的作用机理及影响规律,开展了孔参数对射流多相流场特征及射流量的影响研究。获得了小孔射流量估算方法,为航行体上防水装置设计提供数据支撑。     

蜂窝状薄壁管拉伸时的收缩分析

为研究蜂窝材料拓扑结构与其整体力学性能的关系,从非平面Vertex模型的势能形式出发,结合蜂窝薄壁管拉伸时的轴对称特征,通过变分法得到了管拉伸时母线满足的控制方程,证实了边界效应是蜂窝状薄壁管受拉时产生收缩的原因,并结合控制方程的若干特解,考察了非平面Vertex模型中材料参数对管弯曲程度的影响.结果表明,非平面Ver...     

Nonlinear interval analysis of rotor response with joints under uncertainties

The dynamic influence of joints in aero-engine rotor systems is investigated in this paper.Firstly, the tangential stiffness and loss factor are obtained from an isolated lap joint setup with dynamic excitation experiments. Also, the influence of the normal contact pressure and the excitation level are examined, which revel the uncertainty in joints. Then, the updated Thin Layer Elements(TLEs) method with fitted parameters based on the experiments is established to simulate the dynamic propertie...     

Advances in Research and Service of Space Environment in China

This paper presents the recent progress of space environment research and service in China.During the past two years,many models of space environment forecast and analysis methods of space environment effects have been developed for tailored space environment service for Chinese space mission.A new Re-locatable Atmospheric Observatory(RAO)for monitoring atmospheric wind,temperature,density and pressure of the near space from 20 km up to 120 km altitudes is being constructed.In space environment service space environment safety was provided to ensure the safety of CE-1 for its launch and operation in 2007.     

High-fidelity geometry models for improving the consistency of CHAMP,GRACE, GOCE and Swarm thermospheric density data sets

During the last two decades, accelerometers on board of the CHAMP, GRACE, GOCE and Swarm satellites have provided high-resolution thermosphere density data to improve our knowledge on atmospheric dynamics and coupling processes in the thermosphere-ionosphere region. Most users of the data have focused on relative density variations. Scale differences between datasets and models have been largely neglected or removed using ad hoc scale factors. The origin of these scale differences arises from errors in the aerodynamic modelling, specifically in the modelling of the satellite outer surface geometry and of the gas-surface interactions. Therefore, the first step to remove the scale differences is to enhance the geometry modelling. This work forms the foundation for the future improvement of characterization of satellite aerodynamics and gas-surface interactions models at TU Delft, as well as for extending the use of sideways and angular accelerations in the aerodynamic analysis of accelerations and derivation of thermosphere datasets. Although work to improve geometry and aerodynamic force models by other authors has focused on CHAMP and GRACE, this paper includes the GOCE and Swarm satellites as well. In addition, it uses a density determination algorithm that is valid for arbitrary attitude orientations, enabling a validation making use of attitude manoeuvres. The results show an improvement in the consistency of density data between these four missions, and of data obtained before, during and after attitude manoeuvres of CHAMP and Swarm. The new models result in larger densities, compared to the previously used panel method. The largest average rescaling of density, by switching to the new geometry models is reached for Swarm at 32%, the smallest for GRACE at 5%. For CHAMP and GOCE, mean differences of 11% and 9% are obtained respectively. In this paper, an overview of the improvements and comparisons of data sets is provided together with an introduction to the next research phase on the gas-surface interactions.     

Uncertainties in gravity wave parameters,momentum fluxes,and flux divergences estimated from multi-layer measurements of mesospheric nightglow layers

Measurements of dynamic parameters of atmospheric gravity waves, mainly the vertical wavelength, the momentum flux and the momentum flux divergence, are affected by large uncertainties crudely documented in the scientific literature. By using methods of error analysis, we have quantified these uncertainties for frequently observed temporal and spatial wave scales. The results show uncertainties of ～10%, ～35%, and ～65%, at least, in the vertical wavelength, momentum flux, and flux divergence, respectively. The large uncertainties in the momentum flux and flux divergence are dominated by uncertainties in the Brunt-Väisälä frequency and in spatial separation of the nightglow layers, respectively. The measured uncertainties in fundamental wave parameters such as the wave amplitude, intrinsic period, horizontal wavelength, and wave orientation are ～10% or less and estimated directly from our nightglow image data set. Other key environmental quantities such as the scale height and the Brunt-Väisälä frequency, frequently considered as constants in gravity wave parameter estimations schemes, are actually quite variable, presenting uncertainties of ～4% and ～9%, respectively, according to the several solar activity and seasonal atmosphere scenarios from the NRLMSISE-00 model simulated here.     

气球卫星1990—81B和1990－81C的轨道变化和高层大气密度的测定

本文测定给出我国首次发射的专用于高层大气探测的两颗气球卫星DQ-1A(1990-81B)和DQ-1B(1990-81C)整个寿命期间的轨道变化,以及利用轨道衰变率,采用适合气球卫星近国轨道反测密度的一种方法,获得500-900km高度范围内太阳峰年期间的高层大气密度及其变化。结果表明,同时发射的两颗面积质量比不同的气球卫星所测定的高层大气密度及其变化非常一致,且明显地显示密度随太阳活动逐日的和27天周期性的变化。本文将密度测定结果与高层大气模型进行了比较和分析。     

Deterministic pion and muon transport in Earth’s atmosphere

An accurate understanding of the physical interactions and transport of space radiation is important for safe and efficient space operations. Secondary particles produced by primary particle interactions with intervening materials are an important contribution to radiation risk. Pions are copiously produced in the nuclear interactions typical of space radiations and can therefore be an important contribution to radiation exposure. Charged pions decay almost exclusively to muons. As a consequence, muons must also be considered in space radiation exposure studies. In this work, the NASA space radiation transport code HZETRN has been extended to include the transport of charged pions and muons. The relevant transport equation, solution method, and implemented cross sections are reviewed. Muon production in the Earth’s upper atmosphere is then investigated, and comparisons with recent balloon flight measurements of differential muon flux are presented. Muon production from the updated version of HZETRN is found to match the experimental data well.