多级轴流风扇/压气机非设计点性能计算方法

为更好反映现代轴流风扇内部流动特征,将适合于高马赫数来流的双激波模型引入基元叶栅法,发展了一种多级轴流风扇、压气机非设计点性能计算方法。该方法通过引入雷诺数修正,考虑了雷诺数对风扇/压气机性能的影响,并使最大静压升系数法可在宽广雷诺数变化范围内预测风扇/压气机稳定边界。该方法灵活、可靠,并经过高压压气机、跨声速风扇及大涵道比风扇/增压级等典型的压气机试验结果验证,既可用于多级轴流风扇/压气机非设计点性能计算,又可发展成为高空低雷诺数条件下高性能风扇/压气机设计和研究的重要工具,有着广泛的工程应用前景。     

Numerical simulation of compression corner flows at Mach number 9

A hypersonic vehicle encounters a wide range of conditions during its complete flight regime. These flight conditions may vary from low to high Mach numbers with varying angles of attack. The near-wall viscous dissipation associated with flows at combined high Mach and Reynolds numbers leads to significant wall heat transfer rates and shear stresses. The shock wave/boundary-layer interaction results in a flow separation region, which commonly augments total pressure losses in the flow and lowers the efficiency of aerodynamic control surfaces such as fins installed on a vehicle. The standard turbulence models, when used to resolve such flows, result in incorrect separation bubble size for large separated flows. Therefore, it results in an inaccurate aerodynamic load, such as the wall pressures, skin friction distribution, and heat transfer rate. In previous studies, the application of the shock-unsteadiness correction to the standard two-equation k-ω turbulence model improved the separation bubble size leading to an accurate pressure prediction and shock definition with the assumption of constant Prandtl number. In the present work, the new shock-unsteadiness modification to the k-ω turbulence model is applied to the hypersonic compression corner flows. This new model with variable Prandtl number is based on the model parameter, which depends upon the local density ratio. The computed wall pressures, heat flux and flow field are compared to the experimental data. A parametric study is carried out by varying compression deflection angles, free stream Reynolds number and wall temperatures to compute the flow field and wall data accurately, particularly in the shock boundary layer interaction region. The new shock-unsteadiness modified k-ω model with variable Prandtl number shows an accurate prediction of initial pressure rise location, pressure distribution in the plateau region and heat flux in comparison to the standard k-ω model.     

高阻尼复合材料支撑筒结构设计与材料工艺

支撑筒用于运载火箭与卫星之间的连接,支撑筒的阻尼减振效果决定了卫星能否正常工作。T700S/AG80复合材料制备的某支撑筒无法满足室温阻尼性能要求。本文通过两种途径提高了支撑筒的阻尼性能,第一种途径采用环氧丁腈预聚物861340共混改性AG80环氧树脂,当861340含量为23%时,改性树脂的阻尼性能最佳;第二种途径是对支撑筒进行分段铺层设计。共制备两个支撑筒1#和2#,1#采用未改性复合材料,2#采用阻尼改性复合材料以及分段铺层,在纵向振动试验中,与1#结构振动响应相比,2#结构的响应下降了60.5%;在横向振动试验中,与1#结构振动响应相比,2#结构的响应下降了20.7%。     

边界层特性对雷诺数变化的敏感性分析

通过对有压力梯度下的边界层进行研究，模拟低压涡轮叶片表面边界层的发展过程，并分析了叶片表面不同负荷分布形式情况下吸力面边界层特性对雷诺数的敏感程度。计算中，分别采用了三种典型的涡轮气动负荷分布形式：后加载、前加载、均匀加载等，并分别模拟了三种不同的雷诺数下的边界层发展情况。结果表明：在同一雷诺数情况下，不同负荷分布形式吸力面边界层发展呈现出明显差异；而不同负荷分布形式下叶片表面边界层特性对雷诺数的敏感程度也不一样，相对而言，均匀加载形式对雷诺数的敏感程度最小，更适应低雷诺数条件下工作。     

Analysis on capabilities of density-based solvers within OpenFOAM to distinguish aerothermal variables in difusion boundary layer

Open source feld operation and manipulation（OpenFOAM）is one of the most prevalent open source computational fluid dynamics（CFD）software.It is very convenient for researchers to develop their own codes based on the class library toolbox within OpenFOAM.In recent years,several density-based solvers within OpenFOAM for supersonic/hypersonic compressible flow are coming up.Although the capabilities of these solvers to capture shock wave have already been verifed by some researchers,these solvers still need to be validated comprehensively as commercial CFD software.In boundary layer where diffusion is the dominant transportation manner,the convective discrete schemes＇capability to capture aerothermal variables,such as temperature and heat flux,is different from each other due to their own numerical dissipative characteristics and from viewpoint of this capability,these compressible solvers within OpenFOAM can be validated further.In this paper,frstly,the organizational architecture of density-based solvers within OpenFOAM is analyzed.Then,from the viewpoint of the capability to capture aerothermal variables,the numerical results of several typical geometrical felds predicted by these solvers are compared with both the outcome obtained from the commercial software Fastran and the experimental data.During the computing process,the Roe,AUSM＋（Advection Upstream Splitting Method）,and HLLC（Harten-Lax-van Leer-Contact）convective discrete schemes of which the spatial accuracy is 1st and 2nd order are utilized,respectively.The compared results show that the aerothermal variables are in agreement with results generated by Fastran and the experimental data even if the1st order spatial precision is implemented.Overall,the accuracy of these density-based solvers can meet the requirement of engineering and scientifc problems to capture aerothermal variables in diffusion boundary layer.     

月地转移轨道快速设计与特性分析

对采用直接大气再入方式的月地转移轨道,考虑大气再入界面参数和地面落点位置约束,提出了一种基于双二体模型的快速设计方法。该方法分为内外两层迭代循环,内层循环使月心段轨道和地心段轨道在月球影响球边界处连续,并采用Lambert问题与Newton-Raphson法相集合的方法求解满足再入角约束的地心段轨道参数;外层循环通过调整地心段轨道倾角和轨道置入时间使月地转移轨道满足地面落点位置约束。分析表明,存在四种类型的月地转移轨道满足大气再入界面约束,分别为降 降型、降 升型、升 降型和升 升型。在此基础上,对四种类型月地转移轨道的近地点地心距、置入分布点、再入点分布等特性进行了分析。仿真结果验证了所提出方法的有效性。     

火星进入点误差对开伞点分布影响分析

随着火星探测任务需求的提升,着陆器在火星表面着陆精度的要求越来越高。着陆器开伞点分布是影响着陆精度的重要因素。文章围绕火星大气进入过程,简要介绍了着陆器运动学方程,并给出相应的数学模型。针对进入点（接触大气层）存在的初始状态误差,借助MonteCarlo法进行了着陆器开伞点分布情况分析。通过1000次重复仿真试验得出结论,着陆器开伞点的纵向误差在20~40km,横向误差在5~10km。最后,针对提高开伞点精度,提出两点建议并简要介绍了相关制导算法。     

A comprehensive study on middle atmospheric thermal structure over a tropic and sub-tropic stations

The general characteristics of middle atmospheric thermal structure have been studied by making use of the Rayleigh lidar data collected over the period of about four years (1998–2001). Here, the data has been used from two different stations in the Indian sub-continent in tropics (Gadanki; 13.5°N, 79.2°E) and in sub-tropics (Mt. Abu; 24.5°N, 72.7°E). The observed monthly mean temperature profiles are compared with different model atmospheres (CIRA-86 and MSISE-90). We observed, the mean temperature profiles have closer agreement with MSISE-90 than CIRA-86. The temperature profiles measured by lidar and HALOE satellite overpass nearby lidar site are generally in agreement with each other. The systematic and statistical errors in deriving temperature are found to be uniform for both the stations, as 1 K at 50 km, 3 K at 60 km and 10 K at 70 km. The special features of mesospheric temperature inversion (MTI) and double stratopause structure (DBS) are also addressed for both the stations.     

非线性大气重力波产生的行进电离层扰动

本文导出了大气重力波的非线性方程,研究了重力波的非线性性质。利用等离子体的连续性方程,计算了电离层对重力波的非线性响应,讨论了非线性电离层扰动(TID)的形态。结果表明,非线牲效应使TID表现为多种不规则形态。     

Integrated supersonic wind tunnel nozzle

In supersonic wind tunnels, the airflow at the exit of a convergent-divergent nozzle is affected by the connection between the nozzle and test section, because the connection is a source of disturbance for supersonic flow and the source of disturbance generated by this disturbance propagates downstream. In order to avoid the disturbance, the test can only be carried out in the rhombus area. However, for the supersonic nozzle, the rhombus region is small, limiting the size and attitude angle of the test model. An integrated supersonic nozzle is a nozzle and a test section as a whole, which is designed to weaken or eliminate the disturbance. The inviscid contour of the supersonic nozzle is based on the method of characteristics. A new curve is formed by the smooth connection between the inviscid contour and test section, and the boundary layer is corrected for the overall curve. Integrated supersonic nozzles with Mach number 1.5 and 2 are designed, which are based on this method. The flow field is validated by numerical and experimental results. The results of the study highlight the importance of the connection about the nozzle outlet and test section. They clearly show that the wave system does not exist at the exit of the supersonic nozzle, and the flow field is uniform throughout the test section.