Updated TUS space fluorescence detector for study of UHECR

The TUS (Tracking Ultra-violet Set up) space fluorescence detector has to be launched in 2010 as a separated platform in Foton (Bion) mission prepared by the Samara enterprise. This detector was designed for another satellite and the updated variant of the TUS detector for a new platform is presented. The data on UV glow of the atmosphere obtained in operation of one pixel of the TUS detector on board the Moscow State University “Universitetsky-Tatiana” satellite was taken into account in design of the updated TUS detector. The data on UV transient flashes registered in “Universitetsky-Tatiana” mission are of special interest. Electronics of the TUS detector able to select and register different types of UV events in the atmosphere is presented.     

Haze removal for UAV reconnaissance images using layered scattering model

During the unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV) reconnaissance missions in the middle-low troposphere, the reconnaissance images are blurred and degraded due to the scattering process of aerosol under fog, haze and other weather conditions, which reduce the image contrast and color fidelity. Considering the characteristics of UAV itself, this paper proposes a new algorithm for dehazing UAV reconnaissance images based on layered scattering model. The algorithm starts with the atmosphere scattering model, using the imaging distance, squint angle and other metadata acquired by the UAV. Based on the original model, a layered scattering model for dehazing is proposed. Considering the relationship between wave-length and extinction coefficient, the airlight intensity and extinction coefficient are calculated in the model. Finally, the restored images are obtained. In addition, a classification method based on Bayesian classification is used for classification of haze concentration of the image, avoiding the trouble of manual working. Then we evaluate the haze removal results according to both the subjective and objective criteria. The experimental results show that compared with the origin image, the comprehensive index of the image restored by our method increases by 282.84%, which proves that our method can obtain excellent dehazing effect.     

飞机对连续大气紊流时域响应的数字计算

提出了一种新的计算方法—飞机对连续大气紊流时域响应的数字计算方法。论证和计算了这一方法的正确性和合理性：利用乘同余法产生均匀分布伪随机数，经过参数变换求出高斯分布的伪随机数；计算它们的均值、均方差、均方根、相关函数和功率谱密度，检查其统计特性；进行线性插值，利用差分方程解算Ｄｒｙｄｅｎ滤波器的时域模型，求出纵向各大气紊流分量的信号；给出解算连续大气紊流的飞机模型，求出飞机的时域响应。最后，分析并判断了大气紊流对飞机的影响。通过计算和分析表明，这种计算方法是正确可行的，它比频域分析方法更清晰、更直观和更为有效。并首次成功地用于飞行轨迹稳定性的地面模拟试验。     

AVC流动与燃烧特性分析

本文应用三维数值模拟方法,研究了应用AVC概念设计的燃烧室流动和燃烧特性。研究结果表明：AVC的总压损失系数、燃烧效率、旋涡结构和燃烧稳定性以及污染物排放,受前后钝体形成的凹腔结构内的气流喷射位置、喷射角度和主气流当量比的影响,其中受凹腔结构内的气流喷射位置影响最大。     

"神舟3号"运行高度上大气密度的变化

"神舟3号"(SZ-3)大气密度探测器搭载在SZ-3留轨舱上于2002年3月发射入轨,在轨运行期间获得了轨道舱运行高度范围(330-410km)内的大气密度数据.数据分析表明,无明显太阳和地磁扰动时,热层大气密度的主要变化之一是日照和阴影区域之间的涨落变化,最大涨落变化比约为3.0,变化比与太阳和地磁活动程度有关.在2002-04-17和2002-04-19的强地磁扰动时,全球热层大气密度上涨,同时在磁扰峰期探测获得30°N-40°N区域出现密度扰动异常现象.对强地磁扰动在运行轨道高度上大气密度最大涨幅约为60%左右,响应过程在时间上要比地磁扰动过程滞后6-7h,日照和阴影区域中大气密度的响应变化程度明显不同.在太阳活动程度发生变化时,热层大气密度会呈现出明显的正相关变化关系.     

利用大气阻力的横向编队维持控制

研究了航天器在近圆轨道面内横向固定间隔距离内伴飞编队维持问题。基于经典轨道要素偏差法分析了相对运动特性和大气阻力对相对运动的影响。根据利用大气阻力引起的横向相对运动漂移,设计了有利于长期伴飞编队维持的初始半长轴偏差和伴飞边界点的期望半长轴偏差,进一步给出了进行伴飞维持的边界点横向速度脉冲。仿真结果表明,该控制策略进行伴飞编队维持是可行的,维持所需的速度脉冲次数少、速度增量小,且算法简单,有利于航天器自主化实现。     

大气参数偏差对再入弹头爆点射程的影响

统计出了实际大气状态参数与标准大气状态参数的最大偏差值,以等高程和等过载引信两种弹头引信方式建立了大气参数偏差对弹道式导弹弹头引爆点射程影响的数学模型,从理论上分析了大气参数偏差对弹道式导弹弹头引爆点对应射程产生影响的物理实质;进而以一种洲际弹道导弹为例,讨论出大气参数偏差引起弹头命中点射程偏差的具体数值。     

Long-term (50 years) measurements of cosmic ray fluxes in the atmosphere

Since the middle of 1957 till present time the group of researchers of P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences has carried out the regular balloon borne measurements of charged particle fluxes in the atmosphere. The measurements are performed at polar (northern and southern) and middle latitudes and cover the interval of heights from the ground level up to 30–35 km. Standard detectors of particles (gas-discharged counters) have been used. More than 80,000 measurements of cosmic ray fluxes in the atmosphere have been performed to the present time. In the data analysis the geomagnetic field and the Earth’s atmosphere are used as cosmic ray spectrometers.     

分布式卫星轨道构形的大气摄动分析及修正方法

在低轨道运行的分布式卫星受大气摄动的影响,其轨道构形很快遭到破坏,环绕卫星的相对运动轨迹中心不断发生漂移。本研究的目的在于建立一种降低大气摄动对分布式卫星轨道构形影响的补偿方法,以使分布式卫星的轨道构形能够更好地自然维持。研究基于考虑高度变化和太阳周日变化的大气密度模型,得出分布式卫星不同初始相位环绕卫星的长半轴摄动方程。并提出一种补偿大气摄动影响的长半轴修正方法。仿真结果显示,采用此大气摄动补偿方法能够在给定时间内大大降低大气摄动的影响,从而显著提高分布式卫星轨道构形的自然维持能力。     

On the anthropogenic and natural injection of matter into Earth’s atmosphere

Every year, more and more objects are sent to space. The increasing number of countries with space programs, advancing commercialization, and ambitious satellite constellation projects raise concerns about space debris and the increase of mass flux into the atmosphere due to deorbiting of satellites and rocket bodies. A comparison of this anthropogenic influx to the natural influx due to meteoroids is presented giving detailed information about the mass, composition and ablation of the entering matter. Currently, anthropogenic material does make up about 2.8% compared to the annual injected mass of natural origin. For two different future scenarios considering planned and already partially installed large satellite constellations this fraction increases to nearly 13%, respectively 40%. For these cases, the anthropogenic injection of several metals prevails the injection by natural sources by far. Considering different ablation products, we find that the anthropogenic injection of aerosols into the atmosphere increases disproportionately. Today, they make up about 1% compared to the injected aerosol mass of natural origin, increasing to 30% and 94% for the two future scenarios, respectively. Considering the injection of atoms, the natural injection is dominant by far. For the two future scenarios, the anthropogenic injection is only at 5%, respectively 15% compared to the annual natural atom injection. The predicted strong increase in anthropogenic injection will make it significant in comparison to the natural injection which can have yet unknown effects on Earth’s atmosphere and the terrestrial habitat.