ICCD相机遥感模型与仿真

文章介绍了一个基于增强型CCD相机 (ICCD)的遥感成像模型 ,并对模型的 4个基本组成部分 ,即ICCD相机模型、大气传输模型、地面反射率模型、星历模型 ,进行了探讨和分析 ,该模型可以模拟动态条件下 (时间、地点、气象条件等变化 )ICCD相机的成像过程。     

可凝性气体对低温光学元件表面污染的测试设备

详细介绍了某些可凝性气体对低温光学元件表面污染测试设备的基本原理，基本结构及使用方法；对其主要性能进行了实验测定，并给出了系统误差分析，该设备结构简单，功能齐全,性能可靠，使用方便；测试波段从近红外直至远红外，精度优于3％，与国外同类仪器相当，可用于各类可凝性气冷凝霜层的测试研究，为进一步发展空间技术提供了有效的研究设备。     

红外辐射大气透过率的工程计算

针对现有红外辐射大气透过率经验计算公式不适用于高层大气的局限性,对其进行了重新推导并引入了高度修正,修正后的公式可用于计算任意高度路程上的大气透过率,修正所需大气光学特性参数全部可查相关手册获得。此外,还设计了适合于计算倾斜路径上大气透过率的计算流程,并给出了计算实例。     

From Titan’s tholins to Titan’s aerosols: Isotopic study and chemical evolution at Titan’s surface

In the present work, we focused on the possible isotopic fractionation of carbon during the processes involved in the formation of Titan’s tholins. We present the first results obtained on the ¹²C/¹³C isotopic ratios measured on Titan’s tholins synthesized in laboratory with cold plasma discharges. Measurements of isotopic ratio ¹²C/¹³C, done both on tholins and on the initial gas mixture (N₂:CH₄ (98:2)) used to produce them, do not show any evident deficit or enrichment in ¹³C relatively to ¹²C in the synthesized tholins, compared to the initial gas mixture. This observation allows to go further in the analyses of the ACP experiment data, including part of the Cassini–Huygens mission.     

Hybrid simulations of the O ion escape from Venus: Influence of the solar wind density and the IMF x component

As an initial effort to study the evolution of the Venus atmosphere, the influence of the solar wind density and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) x component (the x-axis points from Venus towards the Sun) on the O⁺ ion escape rate from Venus is investigated using a three-dimensional quasi-neutral hybrid (HYB-Venus) model. The HYB-Venus model is first applied to a case of the high-density (100 cm⁻³) solar wind interaction with Venus selected from the Pioneer Venus Orbiter observations to demonstrate its capability for the study. Two sets of simulations with a wide range of solar wind densities and different IMF x components are then performed. It is found that the O⁺ ion escape rate increases with increasing solar wind density. The O⁺ ion escape rate saturates when the solar wind density becomes high (above 100 cm⁻³). The results also suggest that the IMF x component enhances the O⁺ ion escape rate, given a fixed IMF component perpendicular to the x-axis. Finally, the results imply a higher ion loss rate for early-Venus, when solar conditions were dramatically different.     

Model for induced ionization by galactic cosmic rays in the Earth atmosphere and ionosphere

The ionization profiles produced by galactic cosmic rays in the Earth atmosphere and ionosphere are obtained on the basis of Monte Carlo simulations. Cascade processes in the atmosphere are simulated using CORSIKA 6.52 code with FLUKA 2006 and QGSJET II hadronic interaction subroutines. Proton induced showers are considered using a realistic atmospheric model (US Standard Atmosphere). The energy deposit from different components is taken into account, namely electromagnetic, hadron and muon components. The curvature of the atmosphere is considered in the computer code. On the basis of the computed ionization yield function the ion pair production rate in the atmosphere is obtained for different conditions and locations. The model is applicable to the entire atmosphere, from ground level to upper atmosphere. Several applications of the obtained results are discussed. The Monte Carlo simulation model considers nuclear interactions below the altitude of 35 km. It is compared with analytical–numerical electron production rate model. The latter model which takes into account the electromagnetic interactions above altitudes of 35 km has two main regions of application: above 50 km (thin target model) and between 35 and 50 km (intermediate target model). A good agreement between the CORSIKA results and analytical–numerical model results is found above altitude of 35 km.     

Meteoroid bombardment as a source of the lunar exosphere

The column densities of impact-produced metal atoms in the exosphere during the peaks of activity of the main meteor showers – Geminids, Quadrantids and Perseids – and during quiet periods are estimated. The Na supply rate is estimated to be 2 × 10⁴, 3 × 10³, 10⁴, and 2 × 10⁴ atoms cm⁻² s⁻¹ for sporadic meteoroids, Perseid, Geminid, and Quadrantid meteor showers, respectively. A low upper limit on Ca in the lunar exosphere is explained by the condensation of Ca into dust grains during expansion of the cooling impact-produced vapor cloud. The chemical composition of gas-phase species released to the lunar exosphere during meteoroid impacts has been estimated. Most impact-produced molecules that contain metals are destroyed by solar photons while on ballistic trajectories. Energies of Na, K, Ca, and Mg atoms produced via photolysis of the respective monoxides are estimated to be 0.4, 0.35, 0.6, and 0.45 eV, respectively. The relative content of impact-produced Na and K atoms is maximal at altitudes of about 1000–2000 km and during the main meteor showers, lunar eclipses, and passages of the Moon through the Earth’s magnetosphere.     

航天员舱外相对航天器运动轨迹摄动研究

用轨道根数描述载人航天器运动,在其轨道坐标系(LVLH)中,建立了含地球J2项引力和大气阻力摄动加速度的航天员质心相对航天器的运动模型。在参考轨道存在小偏心率时,对基于圆参考轨道假设推导的航天器编队飞行的线性时变系统状态矩阵进行了修正。仿真结果表明:对偏心率为0.002的航天器轨道,修正后模型所得航天员相对轨迹摄动量在离舱300 s后达到0.8%,是修正前模型的5倍,但计算量增加不超过5%,更适于航天员舱外飞行和近距离编队飞行建模。     

空气环境质量状况模糊综合评价分析

通过利用模糊综合评价方法对某地区的空气环境质量监测数据状况进行分析与评价,并考虑到各种对环境质量影响,经综合模糊性和随机性分析证明:模糊综合评价方法简单,结论客观地反映了某地区的空气环境质量水平,与实际的空气污染现状相符.     

大气密度分层计算时的再入弹道解析解

给出了在考虑阻力系数为速度的函数的情况下,并将大气密度进行分层计算时,估算再入飞行器弹道主要参数的一组解析式。按上述方法进行了仿真计算,并将计算结果,Ｂａｒｂｅｒａ解,有关文献解同数值解进行了比较。结果表明,由于大气密度采用分层计算,更真实地反映了飞行器的再入环境、解析估算值较其它两种解更接近于数值解,完全可用于再入飞行器的再入弹道初步估计和再入性能分析。