基于三角化的复杂曲面五坐标数控加工轨迹的计算方法

ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ系统中复杂曲面数控加工刀轨的计算能力在工业中有极其重要的作用。本文介绍一种复杂曲面五坐标加工轨迹生成及干涉处理算法，即把曲面用小三角片离散逼近，并用连通图建立所有三角片之间的拓扑关系，在此基础上生成刀轨，并进行干涉检查及刀位修正     

五维光电位置传感器的研究初探

为克服研制磁悬挂天平电感式位置传感器的不足，继而又研制了五维光电位置传感器。它除了改善信号采集的方式外，还可以在控制绕组中使用ＰＷＭ供电方式，降低装置的功耗。本文介绍了这种传感器的工作原理，同时给出了用ＣＣＤ线阵列做传感器的方法。     

月面无人自动采样返回飞行程序设计与实现

针对嫦娥五号飞行程序多舱段、多任务、系统控制复杂的设计特点和难点,采用传统的飞行程序设计方法工作量大,状态控制困难,很难满足任务要求。提出了一种新的基于状态转移的方法对飞行程序进行系统建模,首先将整个飞行过程分解成若干模块状态机;然后针对每个模块状态机的功能划分为状态触发器、评估器、执行器和确认器,并分别开展建模设计;最后通过状态触发器和确认器将各个功能模块进行连接,形成整个飞行程序的有限状态机描述。相比传统方法,该方法具有通用性、可扩展性和可复用性等特点,对于规范飞行程序设计,描述复杂的飞行任务过程有很大的优势。采用该方法对嫦娥五号飞行程序进行了建模和设计,并给出了典型飞行过程的设计结果。在轨飞行试验结果表明,该方法可以满足飞行任务的要求,确保了嫦娥五号在轨飞行控制任务圆满成功。     

Launch cost reduction by the reuse of the core stage of Ariane 5

The high cost of launching payloads into Earth orbit is a main limiting factor on the development of space. In order to reduce the high cost of launch, reuse of (parts of) the launch vehicle is needed. This study analyses the possibilities of recovering and reusing the core stage of Ariane 5. Recovery of the core stage sets demands on re-entry trajectory, attitude, stability, thermal protection, structural strength, terminal deceleration, salt water protection, recovery and refurbishment. All these subject areas require solutions to their individual problems. Added subsystems to the stage are defined and their mass is determined. These masses are used to determine the financial feasibility of the recovery concept, by weighing the payload demise and operational cost against the gains of reduced production cost. It is concluded that the recovery is technologically feasible, using a detachable ablative heat shield on the nose of the stage and a stabilisation device (an inflatable drag cone), a parachute system and an engine enclosure device. Total mass of these systems is 1320 kg, with financial savings amounting to $8.5 million per flight.     

Dual Drive Curve Tool Path Planning Method for 5-axis NC Machining of Sculptured Surfaces

The problem of finished surface being not first-order continuous commonly exists in machining sculptured surfaces with a torus cutter and some other types of cutters. To solve this problem, a dual drive curve tool path planning method is proposed in this article. First, the maximum machining strip width of a whole tool path can be obtained through optimizing each tool position with multi-point machining (MPM) method. Second, two drive curves are then determined according to the obtained maximum machining strip width. Finally, the tool is positioned once more along the dual drive curve under the condition of tool path smoothness. A computer simulation and cutting experiments are carried out to testify the performance of the new method. The machined surface is measured with a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) to examine the machining quality. The results obtained show that this method can effectively eliminate sharp scallops between adjacent tool paths, keep tool paths smooth, and improve the surface machining quality as well as machining efficiency.     

“高分五号”全谱段相机可展开定标漫反射板设计

为了对“高分五号”卫星全谱段光谱成像仪的太阳反射谱段辐射性进行长期监测与校正，并针对其谱段范围宽、精度要求高、口径大、使用寿命长等特点与要求，优化设计了可展开的漫反射板进行全光路全视场的辐射定标。定标漫反射板安装在相机光学系统的前端侧面，不影响相机正常成像，在定标时通过驱动机构展开漫反射板到相机前端，根据“高分五号”卫星轨道特点、定标能量要求及相机安装矩阵等设计定标漫反射板展开角度为39°。研制了430mm×430mm大尺寸聚四氟乙烯漫反射板组件以保证在展开时满足全光路全视场的定标，漫反射板在420～2400nm光谱范围内半球反射率高于95%，在相机观测方向BRDF变化优于25%。同时，设计了漫反射板稳定性监视辐射计用于监测漫反射板在轨性能衰减，监测精度15%。在轨定标精度分析为476%，满足指标要求。     

MD5算法在双机热备份信息同步中的应用

在双机热备份算法中,主服务器与备份服务器之间保持信息及时同步至关重要,但传统的主备信息同步方式在效率和可靠性方面却存在着一定的缺陷。为更好地提高主备信息同步效率,本文提出采用MD5(M es-sage D igest 5)算法,对主服务器与备服务器的同步信息进行信息摘要运算,转化为定长字节的信息流后再进行同步。实践应用证明该方法可快速侦测出主、备服务器同步信息的差别,提高双机热备份信息同步的效率。     

适用于30cm离子推力器的5kW电源处理单元设计

为了满足更大范围的卫星应用需求,我国正在研制30cm离子推力器。30cm离子推力器瞄准全电推进卫星平台、近深空探测器对推进任务的需求,对提高卫星平台先进性和提升国际竞争力具有重要的意义。为了配合30cm离子推力器的研制,同时设计了输出功率达到5kW的电源处理单元。该设计实现了一种输出功率为1kW的模块,通过串联组合可以达到输出5kW功率要求,提出了一种"最佳"的平顶变换及软开关的全桥电路拓扑,达到了95%的转换效率,同时还能容易实现屏栅电源的N+1冗余设计。并且通过高压组件的完全灌封,有效提高产品的可靠性。     

月球探测软着陆与采样返回段弹道确定

针对月球探测中软着陆与采样返回段弹道计算问题,提出用数值逼近弹道确定方法。通过B样条对探测器状态进行建模,进而综合全弧段数据进行统计定轨的方法。由于样条法良好的数值逼近性能,使得该方法对探测器弹道异常复杂情况下的状态确定较为有效。对嫦娥三号探测器动力软着陆弧段进行了仿真与实测数据处理。分析了采样返回段的基本动力学与控制特征,为后续的嫦娥五号探测器的软着陆及其采样返回提供初步的可行弹道计算方法。在嫦娥三号探测器动力落月段实测数据处理中,通过评估,该段弹道确定精度优于100 m,其弹道末点与NASA的月球勘测轨道器（LRO）给出的结果差异优于50 m,证实了文章提出的软着陆弹道确定方法的有效性。     

Multi-objective output-feedback control for microsatellite attitude control: An LMI approach

Mixed H₂/H_∞ output-feedback controller with pole placement constraints against the internal uncertainty of moment-of-inertia variation and space environmental disturbances is proposed for mircosatellite attitude control. The multi-objective controller is designed based on linear model of attitude dynamics. The H_∞ performance takes into account both robustness stability against moments-of-inertia uncertainty and the disturbance rejection aspect. H₂ performance takes into account the LQG aspect which avoids the undesirable wheels’ saturation effect. In addition, the closed-loop poles can be forced into some sector of the stable half-plane to obtain well-damped transient responses. The problem is then reduced to a convex optimization involving linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), so it can be efficiently solved. The simulation results demonstrate that the presented mixed H₂/H_∞ control system is robust stable and optimal in the sense of H₂ norm, and has good steady-state and dynamic performances against the parameter uncertainties and various disturbances for the microsatellite attitude control system.