电弧喷射推力器内部工作过程研究综述

对电弧喷射推力器及其内部工作过程特性作了简要介绍,分析了内部工作过程对其性能的影响并对有关实验与理论研究作了概述。电弧喷射推力器内部流动具有过程复杂剧烈,空间狭小,非平衡性强烈等特点。目前在实验上,采用气动方法、静电方法、光谱方法以及激光方法等获得了内部及外部（羽流）流动过程的多种综合参数和流场参数;理论上已建立了能初步反映化学不平衡、热力学不平衡等较为复杂物理过程的数值模型,为全面认识电弧喷射推力器内部工作过程机制提供了有效的手段。     

碳/酚醛复合材料烧蚀性能的实验研究

总结了电弧加热器湍流导管试验装置上对碳／酚醛复合材料的烧蚀试验结果，利用多元线性回归方法。拟合出烧蚀材料的有效烧蚀焓与冷壁热流密度、壁面压力的关联式。在一定热流、压力范围内可以很方便地计算出碳／酚醛复合材料的有效烧蚀焓和质量烧蚀率。     

可压流的龙格-库塔时间步进求解法及其应用

研究了用经典四阶龙格－库塔法计算可压缩流场的可行性,并将其用到了电弧喷射推力器内部等离子体流场的数值求解中。应用情况表明,在结合了局域时间步长、隐式残值光滑加速收敛措施后,本格式能够成功地计算比较复杂的可压缩气体流场以及等离子体流场。有关计算结果揭示了气体流经电弧喷射推力器通道但无电流时形成的纯气动流场以及有电流通过时形成的等离子体流场的丰富的结构和一些重要的影响因素,为研究其过程机制提供了依据。     

电弧加热流场中的尖锥边界层转捩研究

电弧加热流场的热环境特性直接影响热防护系统的地面试验数据,为研究电弧加热流场热环境特性对于边界层转捩的影响,采用红外线热图技术,在电弧加热流场中进行了边界层转捩对尖锥模型气动热的影响研究。试验模型分为8°钢制尖锥、5°非金属和金属尖锥,结合数值计算,对试验结果进行了分析。结果表明,采用红外热像仪判读表面温度的方法进行转捩的判断是一种可行的方法,马赫数影响的雷诺数转捩判别准则可以用于电弧加热流场计算的转捩雷诺数。     

基于天基光学短弧观测的GEO卫星分选

提出一种基于天基光学短弧观测数据集分选同步带目标的方法,引入测量属性和约束域概念。为利用短弧观测数据中的有效信息,以目标和平台的相对距离和距离变化率为坐标轴,建立约束域平面。利用GEO（地球同步轨道）目标运动特点,通过能量约束和假设轨道反演2种方法,从多个目标轨迹中分选出GEO目标。仿真结果表明,该算法可在数据库不完备的条件下通过短弧观测分选出同步轨道卫星。     

发动机燃烧室内壁材料热环境的气动热试验模拟技术研究

利用超声速矩形湍流导管和等离子电弧加热器模拟了发动机燃烧室内流和高超声速飞行器外壁面外流热环境,进行了平板表面冷壁热流测量和燃烧室内壁材料考核试验。结果表明:由于辐射换热的影响,在选取的两个典型来流条件下,发动机燃烧室内流热环境下的冷壁热流比外流热环境下的高出21%和40%,但是冷壁热流的增量基本相当,约为0.70～0.80MW/m2。随着冷壁热流的增加,辐射换热产生的热流增量的影响力会逐渐减小。材料考核时,相同配方的C/SiC复合材料在内流热环境下的表面温度高出约400℃,背面温度高出约90℃,这种差异对于发动机燃烧室内壁面材料考核至关重要,必须在材料考核试验中加以考虑。     

Crack monitoring method based on Cu coating sensor and electrical potential technique for metal structure

Advanced crack monitoring technique is the cornerstone of aircraft structural health monitoring.To achieve real-time crack monitoring of aircraft metal structures in the course of service,a new crack monitoring method is proposed based on Cu coating sensor and electrical potential difference principle.Firstly,insulation treatment process was used to prepare a dielectric layer on structural substrate,such as an anodizing layer on 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy substrate,and then a Cu coating crack monitoring sensor was deposited on the structure fatigue critical parts by pulsed bias arc ion plating technology.Secondly,the damage consistency of the Cu coating sensor and2A12-T4 aluminum alloy substrate was investigated by static tensile experiment and fatigue test.The results show that strain values of the coating sensor and the 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy substrate measured by strain gauges are highly coincident in static tensile experiment and the sensor has excellent fatigue damage consistency with the substrate.Thirdly,the fatigue performance discrepancy between samples with the coating sensor and original samples was investigated.The result shows that there is no obvious negative influence on the fatigue performance of the 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy after preparing the Cu coating sensor on its surface.Finally,crack monitoring experiment was carried out with the Cu coating sensor.The experimental results indicate that the sensor is sensitive to crack,and crack origination and propagation can be monitored effectively through analyzing the change of electrical potential values of the coating sensor.     

Influences of characteristic parameters on starting-up process of an arcjet thruster

Arcjet thruster has been a widely used electrical propulsion technology on GEO satellites since 1993. In its long history of technical development and commercial application, lifetime verification of an arcjet thruster is always one of the most important and expensive tasks. Considering that the main life limitation of an arcjet thruster is electrode ablation and a significant share of the total ablation happens in its starting-up process, the starting-up process is studied with arc voltage signals. Through interpretation of arc voltage signals, the transfer process of the arc root on the anode surface is identified, and ΔT (the duration of the arc root transfer process) is suggested to be a characteristic parameter for fast evaluation of lifetime assessment and design optimization for an arcjet thruster. With this criterion, the influences of typical parameters on the starting-up process are established through comparison with a benchmark parameter. According to experimental results, an increase of the gas flow will obviously reduce ΔT, while a smaller swirl aperture and a longer throat channel do not have a remarkable correlation with ΔT. Moreover, with a sample of a smaller throat diameter to increase the flow velocity, a reduction of ΔT is achieved. Meanwhile, the modifications also affect the stability of arcjet thruster operation, which is also discussed.     

微阴极电弧推力器工作性能影响因素研究

采用试验方法研究了微阴极电弧推力器中峰值放电电流及外加磁场对其推力、比冲、寿命的影响规律。试验结果表明:峰值放电电流增加,阴极烧蚀量增加,元冲量增大;相比于较低的峰值放电电流(10A),更高的峰值放电电流(40A)可延长推力器的工作寿命;外加磁场增强,推力器喷射等离子体轴向速度增大,比冲增加。     

直流滑动弧等离子体点火器特性的实验研究

为了探究直流滑动弧放电应用于航空发动机燃烧室内点火的性能特点,设计了直流滑动弧等离子体点火器,在模型燃烧室内进行了煤油/空气混合气的点火实验,利用高速相机记录了滑动弧等离子体点火器的电弧产生和滑动过程以及燃烧室内煤油/空气混合气的点火和火焰发展过程,研究了不同空气工作介质流量、驱动电源输出电流、点火器电极夹角和点火器安装位置等因素对滑动弧等离子体点火器点火特性的影响。结果表明:滑动弧在运动过程中会产生不规则的跳动,并且存在着电弧分流的现象,导致电弧长度发生变化;在湍流的作用下,初始火核会演变为分裂的、大面积的湍流火焰,着火面积不断增大,最终在t=21ms时形成稳定燃烧;随着空气工作介质流量增大、驱动电源输出电流减小以及点火器的安装位置远离燃油雾化喷嘴,滑动弧等离子体点火器的电弧长度减小,点火延迟时间逐渐增长,例如余气系数α=8时,I=30A下电弧长度为47.1mm,相比I=20A增长了75.1%,点火延迟时间为21ms,相比I=20A缩短了40%;而随着点火器电极夹角的增大,电弧长度先增大后减小,点火延迟时间则先减小后增长,在电极夹角θ=45°时,电弧长度最长,点火延迟时间最短,分别为30.5mm和12ms。