基于解析梯度的经典Lambert问题迭代求解方法

针对现有求解模型复杂、收敛速度慢等问题,在将经典Lambert转移问题转化为超越方程的基础上,提出一种基于解析梯度的Lambert问题迭代求解算法。选择转移轨道的真近点角为迭代变量,导出转移时间关于真近点角的解析梯度,构造一种基于解析梯度的牛顿迭代算法,降低了算法计算复杂度。理论分析表明该算法具有二阶以上的收敛速度。依据偏心率向量与转移轨道形状的关系,通过几何方法分析得到转移轨道在初始位置处的速度约束条件,推导转移轨道真近点角的最大值和最小值的解析表达式,并采用线性插值方法确定迭代初值,进一步提高了迭代算法的收敛速度。数学仿真结果表明在各种转移条件下算法均能快速收敛,采用所给出的初值选取方法初值确定精度高,进而能够加快收敛速度,而与较割线法相比较收敛速度快、计算量小,验证了所提出算法的有效性。     

高温度梯度轮盘低循环疲劳试验件设计方法

针对航空发动机设计中高温度梯度轮盘低循环疲劳试验的需求,基于国内外航空发动机轮盘低循环疲劳试验件设计经验及国内现有轮盘试验器的试验条件,总结了该类高温度梯度航空发动机轮盘低循环疲劳寿命试验件设计的难点主要为轮盘热应力难在试验过程中模拟、轮盘寿命考核位置多、轮盘试验件试验转速高、轮盘试验件寿命限制位置容易转移等,并针对各难点给出了用离心载荷补偿热载荷、以损伤程度定考核位置、在不改变考核位置应力特征的前提下可以改变非考核位置局部结构特征等解决方案,形成了一套高温度梯度轮盘低循环疲劳寿命试验件设计方法。应用该方法设计了某航空发动机轮盘低循环疲劳寿命试验件并进行了试验,完成了寿命考核试验,结果表明:该方法是可行的。     

EXPERIMENTS AND ANALYSIS OF HYSTERESIS OF VORTEX BREAKDOWN OVER PITCHING-UP DELTA WINGS

Thehigh-liftgenerationonapitching-upwingisbeneficialtothesupermaneuverofafighter.Flowvisualizationhasshownthatflowpatternsofpitching-updeltawingscomprisemaincharacteristicsofdynamicstall:evolutionofseparatedshearlayer,generation,develop-mentandbreakdownofleading-edgevortex,aswellashysteresis'ofvortexbreakdown.Whenadeltawingundergoespitching-up,thestallincidenceispostponedandthernaxi-mumliftcoefficientisenhanced.Theoreticalresearch[1]indicatesthatliftcomesmainlyfromthetimerateofchangeoffirstmom…     

非定常动态旋涡显示

基于旋涡的密度梯度，研制一种用彩色纹影系统来实时显示非定常旋涡随攻角变化的动态过程，并与常规的激光片光技术相比有许多优点和潜力。     

A memetic algorithm for path planning of curvature-constrained UAVs performing surveillance of multiple ground targets

The problem of generating optimal paths for curvature-constrained unmanned aerial vehicles （UAVs） performing surveillance of multiple ground targets is addressed in this paper. UAVs are modeled as Dubins vehicles so that the constraints of UAVs＇ minimal turning radius can be taken into account. In view of the effective surveillance range of the sensors equipped on UAVs, the problem is formulated as a Dubins traveling salesman problem with neighborhood （DTSPN）. Considering its prohibitively high computational complexity, the Dubins paths in the sense of terminal heading relaxation are introduced to simplify the calculation of the Dubins distance, and a boundary-based encoding scheme is proposed to determine the visiting point of every target neighborhood. Then, an evolutionary algorithm is used to derive the optimal Dubins tour. To further enhance the quality of the solutions, a local search strategy based on approximate gradient is employed to improve the visiting points of target neighborhoods. Finally, by a minor modification to the individual encoding, the algorithm is easily extended to deal with other two more sophisticated DTSPN variants （multi-UAV scenario and multiple groups of targets scenario）. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated through comparative experiments with other two state-of-the-art DTSPN algorithms identified in literature. Numerical simulations exhibit that the algorithm proposed in this paper can find high-quality solutions to the DTSPN with lower computational cost and produce significantly improved performance over the other algorithms.     

机载SAR反投影图像自聚焦处理方法

反投影算法(BPA)是一种经典的时间域合成孔径雷达(SAR)成像处理方法。BPA对回波数据插值累加得到图像,运动误差导致的目标散焦沿不同的倾斜角度存在,无法直接应用现有的自聚焦算法。为此,提出了一种新颖的BPA图像运动补偿方案。基于反投影数据运动相位误差和距离徙动分析,研究了修正投影栅格成像,从而去除重建图像中目标散焦方向的空变特性。在中低分辨率配置下,重建SAR图像能够直接应用相位梯度自聚焦(PGA)等进行运动补偿。点目标仿真实验和实测数据结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

高速撞击梯度电势靶板产生等离子体诱发的放电

针对在轨运行航天器在空间等离子体环境和空间带电粒子活动下诱发航天器表面梯度电势存在的客观现实,航天器在空间碎片的撞击下会诱发表面带电或深层电介质带电的航天器放电。为了在实验室模拟航天器表面存在电势差的真实情况,采用对航天器外表面分割的方法,在分割的表面间预留不同间距且在2靶板间加装电阻的方法创造具有梯度电势的高电势2A12铝板作为靶板。利用自行构建的梯度电势靶板的充放电测试系统、超高速相机采集系统和二级轻气炮加载系统,开展高速撞击梯度电势2A12铝靶的实验室实验。实验中,弹丸以入射角度为60°（弹道与靶板平面的夹角）、撞击速度约为3 km/s的条件撞击间距分别为2、3、4和5 mm的2A12铝高电势靶板,利用电流探针和电压探针采集放电电流和放电电压。实验结果表明:放电产生的等离子体形成了高电势与低电势靶板间的放电通道,且在梯度电势靶板间距分别为2、3 mm时诱发了一次放电,放电电流随高低电势靶板间间距的增加而减小;在梯度电势靶板间距分别为4、5 mm时诱发了二次放电,放电电流随高低电势靶板间间距的增加变化不明显。      

Novel orbit-attitude combination mode for solar power satellites to reduce mass and fuel

Solar power satellite receives great attention because it can release the energy crisis and environmental problems in the future. However, the launch and maintenance costs are tremendous due to the large system mass and large fuel consumption to counteract space perturbations. To reduce mass and fuel, a novel quasi-Sun-pointing attitude in Sun-frozen orbit is proposed. The Sun-frozen orbit has a nonzero eccentricity vector that always points towards the Sun. The quasi-Sun-pointing attitude is a periodic solution of the Sun-pointing attitude angle. Although about 3 % electricity must be given up because of the variation of Sun-pointing attitude angle, little control action is required to deal with the solar radiation pressure and gravity-gradient torque. The algorithm to obtain initial conditions is proposed. The influences of system parameters and structural flexibilities are studied. Simulation results reveal that the quasi-Sun-pointing attitude in Sun-frozen orbit dramatically reduce fuel consumption, the dry mass, and complexity of the control system. In addition, structural vibration is hardly induced by the gravity-gradient torque. Thus, the bending stiffness as well as the mass of the supporting structure can be reduced.     

Autonomous navigation for lunar final approach based on gravity gradient measurements

Lunar final approach navigation is critical for pin-point lunar landing in future missions. This study investigates the use of lunar gravity gradient measurements for autonomous navigation of a lunar probe during the final approach phase. As the spacecraft approaches the Moon, the strength of gravity gradient signals improves. A spaceborne gravity gradiometer can precisely measure local gravity gradients, and the latest lunar gravity model GL1500E is used to provide reference values. The employed truncation degree and order of the gravity model are increased stepwise considering the decreasing altitude of the spacecraft in order to reach a compromise between computational costs and model accuracy. An iterative Kalman filter is developed for coupled orbit and attitude estimation using gravity gradient measurements and attitude quaternions obtained from star sensors. A simulated spacecraft with a gradiometer noise level of 0.01 E is considered. Simulation results show that the spacecraft’s position converges rapidly and achieves an accuracy of less than 100 m at the last epoch.