A novel visual attention method for target detection from SAR images

Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) imaging systems have been widely used in civil and military fields due to their all-weather and all-day abilities and various other advantages. However, due to image data exponentially increasing, there is a need for novel automatic target detection and recognition technologies. In recent years, the visual attention mechanism in the visual system has helped humans effectively deal with complex visual signals. In particular, biologically inspired top-down attention models have garnered much attention recently. This paper presents a visual attention model for SAR target detection, comprising a bottom-up stage and top-down process.In the bottom-up step, the Itti model is improved based on the difference between SAR and optical images. The top-down step fully utilizes prior information to further detect targets. Extensive detection experiments carried out on the benchmark Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition(MSTAR) dataset show that, compared with typical visual models and other popular detection methods, our model has increased ability and robustness for SAR target detection, under a range of Signal to Clutter Ratio(SCR) conditions and scenes. In addition, results obtained using only the bottom-up stage are inferior to those of the proposed method, further demonstrating the effectiveness and rationality of a top-down strategy. In summary, our proposed visual attention method can be considered a potential benchmark resource for the SAR research community.     

极化SAR直线运动目标建模与雷达回波仿真

主要研究了极化SAR对直线运动目标的成像仿真,并对成像结果进行时频分析。根据极化SAR工作原理,推导并建立交替发射同时接收体制下的运动目标回波模型,利用R—D成像算法分别对匀速运动目标、匀加速运动目标进行了仿真。最后利用Wigner-Ville分布对仿真结果进行分析,验证了该仿真模型的正确性。     

对新型SAR欺骗干扰效果的评估方法

欺骗干扰效果评估是SAR对抗领域的热点和难点问题。基于新型欺骗干扰的特点,给出欺骗度和压制度的表征方式,并提出一种将欺骗度和压制度相结合的综合评估方法。该方法不仅可利用干扰前后目标轮廓特征的变化描述欺骗干扰逼真度,而且根据图像ROI压制度的分析实现对欺骗度的验证,并结合人工决策模式得到了干扰样式优选的判决条件。实验结果表明,这种评估方法不仅能够有效地对新型欺骗干扰的对抗效果作出评价,而且引入了一定的信息反馈机制,使得评估结论的针对性更强,可靠性更高。     

Advanced high-order nonlinear chirp scaling algorithm for high-resolution wide-swath spaceborne SAR

Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a well-established and powerful imaging technology that can provide high-resolution images of the Earth’s surface on a global scale. For future SAR systems, one of the key capabilities is to acquire images with both high-resolution and wide-swath. In parallel to the evolution of SAR sensors, more precise range models, and effective imaging algorithms are required. Due to the significant azimuth-variance of the echo signal in High-Resolution Wide-Swath (HRWS) SAR, two challenges have been faced in conventional imaging algorithms. The first challenge is constructing a precise range model of the whole scene and the second one is to develop an effective imaging algorithm since existing ones fail to process high-resolution and wide azimuth swath SAR data effectively. In this paper, an Advanced High-order Nonlinear Chirp Scaling (A-HNLCS) algorithm for HRWS SAR is proposed. First, a novel Second-Order Equivalent Squint Range Model (SOESRM) is developed to describe the range history of the whole scene, by introducing a quadratic curve to fit the deviation of the azimuth FM rate. Second, a corresponding algorithm is derived, where the azimuth-variance of the echo signal is solved by azimuth equalizing processing and accurate focusing is achieved through a high-order nonlinear chirp scaling algorithm. As a result, the whole scene can be accurately focused through one single imaging processing. Simulations are provided to validate the proposed range model and imaging algorithm.     

波束跃度对星载方位向扫描模式SAR图像质量的影响

针对星载方位向扫描模式合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)系统中天线无法实现连续扫描而引入成对回波的问题,提出了波束跃度对SAR成像质量影响的定量化分析方法。提出了一种广义的SAR成像几何模型,以模式因子区分不同的方位向扫描模式;结合傅里叶级数和泰勒级数展开推导了波束跃度下的方位向天线方向图,在此基础上建立了方位向回波信号模型;得到成对回波幅度和位置与波束跃度的定量关系,着重比较分析了波束跃度对不同方位向扫描模式SAR图像质量的影响。仿真结果验证了上述分析方法的有效性。     

双基地聚束SAR运动误差分析

将三维坐标系引入运动误差分析,建立了对任意匀速直线航迹双基地聚束SAR运动误差统一、清晰的分析方法;在此三维坐标系下,推导出各种运动误差引起的相位误差的计算公式。推导基于一般的双基地聚束SAR回波模型,可适用于任意匀速直线航迹的双基地聚束SAR,并且将通常的单基地SAR的运动误差分析作为一种特例也涵盖在内。给出了位置误差、速度误差和加速度误差所造成的相位误差计算公式。从推导结果得出结论:位于不同平台的同一误差,引起的相位误差是不同的;在小场景假设下,双基地聚束SAR的运动误差是空不变的,与目标位置无关。计算机仿真验证了误差分析的正确性。     

干涉合成孔径雷达信号处理研究综述

干涉合成孔径雷达技术作为一种遥感手段可以快速准确地获得地面三维信息。文中回顾了干涉合成孔径雷达近年来的一些重要研究成果,分析信号处理中配准、干涉、去平地、相位图降噪、相位展开、数字高程模型生成与校正的制约因素,分析运动补偿的原理和效果。对今后的研究热点和研究方向作一展望。     

SAR线性调频脉冲干扰抑制研究

首先通过 SAR成像处理介绍线性调频脉冲干扰的原理。然后 ,分析这种干扰信号的特性及检测方法 ,并重点研究利用频域陷波和参数化方法对降斜率处理后的干扰信号进行抑制 ,即通过分数域滤波抑制线性调频脉冲干扰。最后 ,进行计算机仿真 ,给出仿真结果 ,并对仿真结果进行了分析     

大口径甚高分辨率空间光学遥感器技术途径探讨

增长焦距、加大口径是提高空间光学遥感器空间分辨率的主要手段,但焦距和口径的增大意味着遥感器体积、研制难度和制造成本的骤增。要达到可见光甚高分辨率,采用传统的设计思想和制造工艺已无法实现,更何况体积和质量巨大也难以发射。本文介绍和分析了几种解决大口径系统的方案,包括:分块可展开成像系统、稀疏孔径系统和干涉成像系统。     

口径天线远场时域分析

根据惠更斯等效原理,用直接时域法,基于远场近似推导了口径天线瞬态远场时域解析表达式,给出了主、偏轴方向远场辐射特性。分析和数值计算结果表明：所得远场公式简单,计算正确、可靠,可用于口径天线的设计和测量。