2524铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊对接工艺

以2524-T3板材作为试验材料,研究了薄板的搅拌摩擦焊对接工艺,优化了对接焊的工艺参数,获得了焊接工艺窗口及最优工艺参数.在最优工艺参数下生产的对接焊件具有良好的质量外观,焊件的变形量和焊缝减薄量极小;焊件的X射线检测结果表明焊件内部质量良好,没有在照片上发现缺陷;金相组织分析显示,焊缝横截面组织均匀致密;焊接接头静力拉伸性能测试结果表明焊缝抗拉强度的平均为397 MPa,为母材抗拉强度的90.4％.     

重型火箭贮箱大型结构制造技术现状及发展分析

大型结构件制造技术是发展重型运载火箭的关键技术之一,直径8～9m级重型运载火箭大型贮箱将带来成型、焊接装配等工艺和装备方面新的制造技术挑战.吸取以往人类历史上研制经验教训,有助于权衡大型结构件制造实现和制造经济性.需开展先进制造技术升级,加强大型轻质化结构制造技术和装备技术基础,适应发展要求.     

磷酸铝系透波复合材料的力学性能与介电性能研究

研究了高硅氧增强磷酸铝系复合材料的力学性能及P／Al摩尔比、成型压力和测试频率对其介电性能的影响。结果表明：当P／Al摩尔比等于1时，材料的力学性能最佳，其弯曲强度达到107MPa；当P／Al摩尔比小于1．1，使用频率在3MHz以上时，材料体系具有良好的介电性能，介电常数小于4．1，介电损耗小于0．03；提高成型压力将使介电常数略微上升；介电性能的频率特性表明极化弛豫普适关系适用于这一材料体系。     

铝合金氧化物夹杂超声波检测技术

针对航天器用铝合金内部的氧化物夹杂缺陷的检测难题,开展了超声波检测技术试验研究,采用一种基于过盈配合和快速氧化原理的铝合金氧化物夹杂缺陷模拟方法进行了氧化物缺陷模拟,并对缺陷的微观组织和成分进行分析,分析结果验证了氧化物夹杂缺陷的制作有效性。测试结果表明机械C型扫描能够有效分辨Φ1.2 mm当量左右的夹杂缺陷,其直观性、耦合稳定性和重复性相较手动扫描,检测效果更优。该方法已应用于航天器铝合金产品氧化物夹杂检测,效果良好。     

Fouling corrosion in aluminum heat exchangers

Fouling deposits on aluminum heat exchanger reduce the heat transfer efficiency and cause corrosion to the apparatus.This study focuses on the corrosive behavior of aluminum coupons covered with a layer of artificial fouling in a humid atmosphere by their weight loss,Tafel plots,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),and scanning electron microscope(SEM)observations.The results reveal that chloride is one of the major elements found in the fouling which damages the passive film and initiates corrosion.The galvanic corrosion between the metal and the adjacent carbon particles accelerates the corrosive process.Furthermore,the black carbon favors the moisture uptake,and gives the dissolved oxygen greater chance to migrate through the fouling layer and form a continuous diffusive path.The corrosion rate decreasing over time is conformed to electrochemistry measurements and can be verified by Faraday’s law.The EIS results indicate that the mechanism of corrosion can be interpreted by the pitting corrosion evolution mechanism,and that pitting was observed on the coupons by SEM after corrosive exposure.     

Hot-cracking susceptibility and shear fracture behavior of dissimilar Ti6Al4V/AA6060 alloys in pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding

Laser welding of dissimilar titanium/aluminum alloys has been employed at an increasing rate, particularly in the aerospace industry, owing to its advantages in terms of current design flexibility and fuel/cost savings. The major problem with dissimilar Ti/Al welds arises from the difference in the thermal expansion and contraction of the two metals, which leads to hot-cracking susceptibility and the mitigation of the mechanical property after welding. In the present study, pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding of Ti6Al4V and AA6060 has been addressed. Hot-cracking susceptibility in the heat affected zone and the shear fracture behavior of the lap joints were investigated through microstructural characterization and mechanical tests. The results indicate that the hot cracking tendency can be reduced by increasing the pulse peak power (7.5–8.5 kW) and the laser point diameter (0.8–1.0 mm) with specific pulse duration and overlap. An alternative control strategy for less hot cracks in the Ti/Al lap joint can be to increase the weld width and decrease the cooling rate during solidification. The shear fracture of the Ti/Al lap joint is likely to occur along the lower side path of the weld interface with decreasing weld surface collapsed amount and increasing aluminum base metal melt depth.     

7003 铝合金双级双峰时效工艺优化

设计了L9(34)的双级时效正交试验方案,系统地研究了双级双峰时效工艺、时效硬化特性和力学性能.结果表明:终时效对合金的力学性能具有决定性的影响,合金的硬度、强度对终时效温度最敏感,合金的塑韧性则对终时效时间最敏感;利用“双峰”特征对正交试验所得的具有高塑性、高韧性的相对最佳工艺进行强度优化,发现对应不同的目标性能,有最优双级时效工艺与之相应,并没有发现各性能指标同时达到最大值的理论最优工艺,只能获取一种相对的最优工艺,即在保证接近单级峰时效强度的前提下选择塑、韧性最佳的工艺——105℃/4 h+155℃/70 h.     

气相二氧化硅/汽油凝胶燃料流变特性实验研究

为了较为全面地了解凝胶燃料的流变特性,采用超声波振荡与机械搅拌相结合的方法制备了含铝与不含铝的气相二氧化硅/汽油凝胶燃料,使用旋转流变仪实验研究了各凝胶燃料的剪切变稀特性、触变性、屈服应力与粘弹性等流变参数。结果表明:气相二氧化硅/汽油凝胶燃料具有明显的剪切变稀特性和不可逆触变性。凝胶剂含量增加,凝胶燃料粘度和屈服应力增大。添加10μm粒径铝粉的粘度和屈服应力比5μm粒径铝粉的大,比1μm粒径铝粉的小,但均比不含铝凝胶燃料的大。凝胶燃料在低频振荡下更接近于流体,在高频振荡下具有类固体特征。      

铝合金矩形机箱工装设计及拼焊工艺

大厚度铝合金矩形机箱在拼焊生产过程中,存在组装难度大,焊缝质量不易保证,焊后变形大等问题.针对铝合金矩形机箱焊后马鞍型和螺旋型变形特点,选用表面定位方式,设计了多种类型的夹板,完成了箱体焊接工装的设计.在此基础上,采用真空电子束焊,通过严格的工艺措施完成了机箱的拼焊,获得了深宽比符合要求的焊缝,保证了机箱结构的完整性.经检测,矩形机箱满足设计要求.实践证明,此工装和工艺方案可行,对类似构件的制造有指导意义.     

丙炔醇对铝阳极电化学性能的影响

为了提高铝阳极材料的耐析氢腐蚀和活化性能,用失重腐蚀、电化学等方法研究了在4 mol/LKOH溶液中,丙炔醇对铝阳极(99.999%)电化学性能的影响,结果表明:添加0.5%丙炔醇,不仅使铝的析氢腐蚀速率降低(缓蚀率达85.35%),又能最大程度保持铝阳极的活性(超过铝在4 mol/L KOH溶液中的活性),开路电位Eocp负移达-2.033 V.此外,在"饱和Ca(OH)2+4 mol/L KOH"溶液中,添加0.5%丙炔醇时,铝的缓蚀率高达93.21%,其表面腐蚀均匀,活化性能进一步提高,Eocp负移达-2.011 V.为铝阳极材料的应用提供了有实用价值的添加剂配方.