Design and numerical investigation of swirl recovery vanes for the Fokker 29 propeller

Swirl recovery vanes（SRVs） are a set of stationary vanes located downstream from a propeller, which may recover some of the residual swirl from the propeller, hoping for an improvement in both thrust and efficiency. The SRV concept design for a scaled version representing the Fokker 29 propeller is performed in this paper, which may give rise to a promotion in propulsive performance of this traditional propeller. Firstly the numerical strategy is validated from two aspects of global quantities and the local flow field of the propeller compared with experimental data, and then the exit flow together with the development of propeller wake is analyzed in detail.Three kinds of SRV are designed with multiple circular airfoils. The numerical results show that the swirl behind the propeller is recovered significantly with Model V3, which is characterized by the highest solidity along spanwise, for various working conditions, and the combination of rotor and vane produced 5.76% extra thrust at the design point. However, a lower efficiency is observed asking for a better vane design and the choice of a working point. The vane position is studied which shows that there is an optimum range for higher thrust and efficiency.     

可变弯度导叶调节机构柔性多体仿真

为考察可变弯度导叶（VIGV）调节机构在运动过程中各零件的变形以及变形对调节精度、各叶片调节角度一致性的影 响,利用有限元软件ABAQUS建立VIGV调节机构的柔性和刚性多体动力学3维模型。研究了柔性与刚体模型调节机构运动差 异,并分析了变形量对叶片角度调节的影响。在此基础上,对联动环径向限位、驱动力加载速率以及运动副摩擦阻力对机构调节 精度等影响进行分析。结果表明：在调节角度较小时,柔性模型与刚体模型分析结果基本相当,随着调节角度的增大,各零件的变 形对调节角度的影响逐渐增大,当L形杆转动0.5 rad时,二者可调叶片调节角度相差约0.9。;在运动过程中,运动副摩擦阻力的增 大将增大机构运动所需的驱动力,驱动力加载速率对叶片角度调节的影响在一定范围内可以忽略;联动环径向限位的取消或分布 的不均匀均将引起叶片调节角度不同程度的差异,无联动环径向限位下,各摇臂之间的调节角度存在最大相差约0.3°的差异。     

前后可调变弯度导叶在高负荷风扇中的应用

针对某高负荷双级风扇非设计转速裕度不足的问题,通过NUMECA三维(CFD)数值模拟软件,对比分析了可变弯度导叶(VIGV)前后可偏转调节对导叶气动性能的影响,以及导叶大角度范围内变弯度调节对提高风扇中低转速性能的作用。结果表明:可变弯度导叶偏转调节后的叶型实际弯角是影响导叶气动损失的重要因素之一;通过导叶前段适当变角度调节能减小导叶的实际弯角,推迟了导叶吸力面气流分离的出现,拓宽了变弯度导叶低损失可调角度范围;同时导叶适当的前后偏转调节能够降低导叶对缝隙位置的敏感性;此外前后可调变弯度导叶能够使高负荷风扇非设计工况实现更高的绝热效率,在90%转速、80%转速、70%转速和60%转速下的风扇绝热效率分别提高了2.04%、5.48%、6.18%和6.82%;且由于风扇喘振边界进一步远离风扇阀门线,使得风扇中低转速的稳定工作范围显著拓展。      

自适应处理机匣在多级轴流压气机中的应用

设计了一种环腔导流片式自适应处理机匣,采用定常数值方法研究了不同导流片形式对亚声多级轴流压气机流场的影响。结果表明:导流片与转子弦向垂直时的处理机匣减弱了叶尖前缘溢流强度,抑制了间隙泄漏流发展,提高了转子叶尖通道的流通能力,使得压气机在0.8倍设计转速以上特性基本保持不变的同时,大幅度提高了低转速的稳定裕度,其中0.7倍设计转速时近失速点总压比增大10.2%,近失速流量拓宽8.5%,体现出较好的自适应扩稳能力。      

基于功率保持的辅助动力装置引气性能计算模型

以带负载压气机辅助动力装置(APU)为对象,分析了其结构特点与工作原理,针对目前工程上常用的APU引气性能计算模型的不足,建立了基于APU与空气涡轮匹配的总体性能数学模型和负载压气机变几何部件特性插值模型。在此基础上,研究了APU功率调节规律,获得了轴功率负载、APU涡轮前温度、排气温度与负载压气机进口导叶角度之间的匹配关系,进而实现了APU全包线内和全工况下的引气性能计算。利用GTCP131-9A试验数据对模型进行了验证,结果表明:引气流量计算误差小于3%,引气压力计算误差小于4%;功率保持下的APU涡轮前温度限制值仅与轴功率负载大小有关,与进气温度无关。研究结论对于带负载压气机APU总体性能计算和调节规律设计提供了参考。      

金属骨架陶瓷基复合材料涡轮导叶研究进展

金属骨架陶瓷基复合材料涡轮导叶(金属骨架陶瓷导叶)耐高温、耐腐蚀、密度小,且韧性好,解决了高温合金难以承受越来越高的涡轮前温度的难题。介绍了金属骨架陶瓷导叶的国内外研究背景,分析了该导叶工程应用的关键技术:认为通过改变陶瓷叶型与金属骨架沿周向的接触方式(柔性接触和点/线接触)可缓解二者的周向热变形协调,尽量减少陶瓷叶型与金属支撑板的刚性接触有益于径向热变形协调;金属与陶瓷基复合材料之间的连接必须解决化学相容性与物理匹配性的问题;探讨了该导叶的力学性能计算及试验验证方法。最后指出了金属骨架陶瓷导叶未来的研究方向。     

Experiments of flow and heat transfer performances for air-cooling laminated turbine vane

Flow resistance and heat transfer coefficients of typical double wall laminated film cooling configuration within a turbine vane were experimentally studied.The specimen was in large scale,and made of transparent organic glass.Laminated configuration consisted of double wall laminates,pin-fins,staggered arrays of impingement and film holes.The number ratio of impingement holes,pin-fins and film holes was2∶1∶1.Five experiment vanes were installed in static cascade,and experiments were carried out under constant heat flux.Re of internal cooling air in the experiment was from 104 to 2×105,and Re of external fluid was from 105 to 3×105.The experiment results show that flow resistances of front channel and back channel of the vane are in the same level,and both of them decrease as Re of cooling air increases.Nuof front channel is slightly higher than that of back channel.Both of them increase as Re of cooling air increases.And experiment results were obtained from experiment vanes were compared with that obtained from laminated flat plates,and the tendency of the results agrees well.     

主流湍流度对涡轮导向叶片气膜冷却特性影响的实验

采用基于窄带热色液晶的瞬态全表面传热测量技术,研究了主流湍流度对涡轮导向叶片吸力面圆柱形孔排气膜冷却特性的影响规律.结果表明:在实验工况范围内,主流湍流度从0.59%提高至6.85%,可以在气膜出流的上游区域促进气膜贴向壁面并扩大展向覆盖面积,从而改善气膜覆盖效果,但是在主流湍流度较大的工况下,气膜覆盖效果迅速变差;在气膜出流的下游区域,主流湍流度的提高使得气膜冷却效率逐渐降低;主流湍流度的增大,增强了无气膜冷却光滑叶片表面的对流换热;在气膜冷却条件下,气膜出流对叶片表面对流换热的增强效果随着主流湍流度的增大呈现出明显的区域性特点:表面传热系数比在上游区域是先增强后减弱;中游区域是逐渐减弱;下游区域则是逐渐增强.     

低压涡轮导向叶片平面叶栅试验及数值模拟

基于低压涡轮导向叶片平面叶栅设计性能的研究,进行了平面叶栅试验,并采用商用CFD软件NUMECA建立了平面叶栅3维计算模型,得到了各性能参数随出口等熵马赫数的变化曲线、叶片表面等熵马赫数分布曲线、以及S1流面等熵马赫数分布。计算与试验结果表明:数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好;本叶栅具有后加载特性,亚声速段的损失较小;在设计工况时流动状态较好,流道中没有出现超声速区和激波现象。     

固体火箭发动机喷管燃气舵铰链力矩参变分析

以固体火箭发动机喷管燃气舵绕流流场为研究对象,采用数值模拟技术,通过离散求解流动方程及相关湍流模型方程,对包含舵基、舵片和发动机喷管在内的复杂流场进行了变参数分析,获得并揭示了舵基、舵片附近的流动现象和流动特点.验证了所引入的数值模拟方法的有效性,分析结果对舵基、舵片的结构安装以及控制机构的设计具有借鉴意义.