一种基于并联关系模型的TC4合金本构方程

 以 TC4合金流动应力σ为目标函数,通过热态物理模拟试验,系统地研究了主要锻造热力参数 (变形温度、变形速度和变形程度等 )对目标函数的影响,基于数理统计学原理,科学地分析并回归出了能综合反映锻造热力参数对材料成形性能影响的本构方程,得出了 TC4合金变形工艺参数 (变形温度 T、等效应变速率ε、等效应变ε等 )对目标函数的影响规律,从而,为 TC4合金锻造过程的数值模拟和锻造热力参数的合理制订与控制提供了基础。     

有限姿控能力的低RCS微小卫星姿态实时规划

 为提高在轨微小卫星使用效能及生存能力,提出一种受姿控能源消耗及驱动能力约束的低雷达散射截面（RCS）微小卫星姿态实时规划算法。算法应用曲面像素法、时域有限差分法及假设检验,在三维空间内对微小卫星的RCS及雷达探测水平进行建模,并结合雷达分布模型构建了相应的威胁评估函数及规划代价评估函数。同时,为提高算法的实时性能,采用了粒子群优化(PSO)算法以降低计算复杂度。仿真结果表明,在有限计算量的基础上,算法能够以较小规划代价有效降低卫星威胁方向的RCS及雷达探测概率,满足对微小卫星飞行姿态实时规划的需要。     

High Temperature Flow Stress Prediction of Nano-Al_2O_3/Cu Composite Using an Artificial Neural Network

Alumina dispersion strengthened copper composite (nano-Al2O3/Cu composite) was recently emerged as a kind of potentially vi-able and attractive engineering material for applications requiring high strength, high thermal and electrical conductivities and resistance to softening at elevated temperatures. The nano-Al2O3/Cu composite was produced by internal oxidation. The microstructures of the composite were analyzed by the TEM and its hot deformation behavior was investigated by means of continuous compression tests per-formed on a Gleeble 1500 thermo-simulator. Making use of the modified algorithm–Levenberg-Marquardt (L-M) algorithm BP neural network, a model for predicting the flow stresses during hot deformation was set up on the base of the experimental data. Results show that the microstructures of the composite are characterized by uniform distribution of nano-Al2O3 particles in Cu-matrix. The sliding of dislocations is the main deformation mechanism. The dynamic recovery is the main softening mode with the flow stress decreasing gen-tly from 500 ℃ to 850 ℃. The recrystallization of Cu-matrix can be retarded late into as high as 850 ℃, when it happens only partially. The well-trained BP neural network model can accurately describe the influence of the temperature, strain rate, and true strain on the flow stresses, therefore, it can precisely predict the flow stresses of the composite under given deforming conditions and provide a new way to optimize hot deforming process parameters.     

纳米化对电子束物理气相沉积制备Ni-20Cr-0．6Al合金氧化产物的影响

利用电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)方法制备了厚度为0.5mm的N i-20Cr-0.6A l(wt%)合金薄板。合金的晶粒尺寸小于100nm。研究了N i-20Cr-0.6A l合金在1000℃空气中氧化100h后的氧化产物。结果表明,100h后在合金表面只生成了连续致密的-αA l2O3氧化膜。Cr含量为20%时,纳米化使生成连续A l2O3膜所需的最小铝含量大幅度下降。     

Ring Current Dynamics

This chapter reviews the current understanding of ring current dynamics. The terrestrial ring current is an electric current flowing toroidally around the Earth, centered at the equatorial plane and at altitudes of ∼10,000 to 60,000 km. Enhancements in this current are responsible for global decreases in the Earth’s surface magnetic field, which have been used to define geomagnetic storms. Intense geospace magnetic storms have severe effects on technological systems, such as disturbances or even permanent damage of telecommunication and navigation satellites, telecommunication cables, and power grids. The main carriers of the ring current are positive ions, with energies from ∼1 keV to a few hundred keV, which are trapped by the geomagnetic field and undergo an azimuthal drift. The ring current is formed by the injection of ions originating in the solar wind and the terrestrial ionosphere into the inner magnetosphere. The injection process involves electric fields, associated with enhanced magnetospheric convection and/or magnetospheric substorms. The quiescent ring current is carried mainly by protons of predominantly solar wind origin, while active processes in geospace tend to increase the abundance (both absolute and relative) of O⁺ ions, which are of ionospheric origin. During intense geospace magnetic storms, the O⁺ abundance increases dramatically. This increase has been observed to occur concurrently with the rapid intensification of the ring current in the storm main phase and to result in O⁺ dominance around storm maximum. This compositional change can affect several dynamic processes, such as species-and energy-dependent charge-exchange and wave-particle scattering loss.     

Energization of Plasma Species by Intermittent Kinetic Alfvén Waves

We propose a new phase-mixing sweep model of coronal heating and solar wind acceleration based on dissipative properties of kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs). The energy reservoir is provided by the intermittent ∼1 Hz MHD Alfvén waves excited at the coronal base by magnetic restructuring. These waves propagate upward along open magnetic field lines, phase-mix, and gradually develop short wavelengths across the magnetic field. Eventually, at 1.5–4 solar radii they are transformed into KAWs. We analyze several basic mechanisms for anisotropic energization of plasma species by KAWs and find them compatible with observations. In particular, UVCS (onboard SOHO) observations of intense cross-field ion energization at 1.5–4 solar radii can be naturally explained by non-adiabatic ion acceleration in the vicinity of demagnetizing KAW phases. The ion cyclotron motion is destroyed there by electric and magnetic fields of KAWs.     

挠性航天器多目标鲁棒姿态控制的DPSO算法实现

复杂航天器高性能姿态控制是完成现代新型空间任务的基础,需兼顾鲁棒性、快速性、精度和控制能量等多目标要求,但目前大多数控制系统只针对某单一目标设计.针对大型挠性航天器多目标姿态控制问题,提出一种基于差分粒子群优化算法和输出反馈的鲁棒控制方法.首先,推导了含参数不确定性的系统动力学模型;然后,给出了差分粒子群优化算法的定义...     

一种新PSO混合算法在直升机配平中的应用

直升机配平计算是动力学分析的基础,其实质是求解高维复杂的非线性方程组。针对经典算法与智能算法的特点与不足,提出了一种求解非线性方程组的新粒子群方法。在粒子群(Particle swarm optimization, PSO)算法的基础上,根据模拟退火(Simulated annealing, SA)思想,引入了嵌入式LM (Levenberg-marquardt)优化 算子。该方法充分发挥了3种算法的优势,克服了LM算法初值敏感性,PSO算法易陷入局部极值等问题。通过UH-60A直升机实例配平计算,验证了本文算例模型的准确性。在此基础 上,针对某一前飞状态下的配平算例,在收敛可靠性和计算效率上通过与其他算法进行对比,表明该算法具有可靠的收敛性和较高的计算效率,进一步验证了该算法在配平问题上的可信度与实用性,为直升机飞行动力学问题的处理提供了一种新的有效方法。     

基于PSO-VMD算法的生命探测方法研究

生命探测雷达在航空航天领域有着重要的应用,通过探测飞行员的呼吸、心跳、肢体动作等微弱信号,实现对飞行员的生命监测。针对实际场景中生命体微弱信号检测困难的问题,提出一种将包络熵作为粒子群算法适应度函数的变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition, VMD)参数优化算法。首先,利用粒子群算法对适应度函数进行选择,确定VMD算法中固有模态分量的分解层数以及惩罚因子个数的组合;其次,通过频谱分析选择特定层数的固有模态分量并重构雷达回波信号;最终达到去除噪声,提取生命体弱信号的目的。对比实验表明,所提出的方法相比经验模态分解算法能够更加准确地提取生命体信息,仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

球形二硝酰胺铵研究

介绍了硝酰酰胺铵（ADN）的液相凝聚成球方法，并对球形ADN的吸湿性，感度（撞击，摩擦），粒度分布以及颗粒表面进行了测试和分析。结果表明，球形ADN吸湿性，感应优于非球形ADN。用这种方法制得的球形ADN粒径为5－800μm.