悬停和侧滑状态的直升机主旋翼桨尖涡将穿透尾桨桨尖平面,由此导致尾桨非定常气动载荷发生明显变化。为更准确地模拟由主旋翼/尾桨干扰产生的尾桨非定常气动载荷变化,通过在面元压力项中增加由旋翼桨尖涡诱导的时变项,体现旋翼桨尖涡速度和几何时变对桨叶非定常压力的影响,同时采用涡面镜像法修正涡粒子法的黏性项,确保桨叶附近区域旋翼涡量守恒,建立旋翼尾迹对尾桨叶的非定常气动干扰模型,并耦合面元/黏性涡粒子法,构建直升机主旋翼/尾桨干扰下的尾桨非定常气动载荷分析方法。通过计算AH-1G旋翼桨叶非定常气动载荷特性,并与实验测量值、计算流体力学(CFD)计算结果对比,验证本文非定常气动干扰模型的有效性。随后基于NASA ROBIN(Rotor Body Interaction)模型分析悬停、侧风和60°右侧滑状态主旋翼对尾桨非定常气动载荷的影响,分析表明主旋翼尾迹对尾桨非定常气动载荷影响显著。悬停状态的主旋翼/尾桨干扰导致尾桨拉力平均值下降、非定常气动载荷显著增加;左侧风状态,主旋翼/尾桨干扰削弱尾桨"涡环"程度,显著增加尾桨拉力和非定常气动载荷;60°右侧滑状态,主旋翼/尾桨干扰导致尾桨拉力损失最大,且在低速侧滑状态出现尾桨拉力"迅速恢复"现象,尾桨非定常气动载荷幅值迅速增加。 相似文献
Long-term balloon observations have been performed by the Lebedev Physical Institute since 1957 up to the present time. The observations are taken several times a week at the polar and mid latitudes and allow us to study dynamics of galactic and solar cosmic ray as well as secondary particle fluxes in the atmosphere and in the near-Earth space. Solar energetic particles (120) – mostly protons – (SEP) events with >100 MeV proton intensity above 1 cm−2 s−1 s−1 were recorded during 1958–2006. Before the advent of the SEP monitoring on spacecraft these results constituted the only homogeneous series of >100 MeV SEP events. The SEP intensities and energy spectra inferred from the Lebedev Physical Institute observations are consistent with the results taken in the adjacent energy intervals by the spacecraft and neutron monitors. Joint consideration of the SEP events series recorded by balloons and by neutron monitors during solar cycles 20–23 makes it possible to restore the probable number of events in solar cycle 19, which was not properly covered by observations. Some correlation was found between duration of SEP event production in a solar cycle and sunspot cycle characteristics. 相似文献