TC18钛合金焊接接头力学性能试验研究

氩弧焊和电子束焊是钛合金加工中两类常见的工艺方法,对比研究两种工艺对焊接接头力学性能的影响对其在工程中的合理选用具有重要的参考价值。完成了TC18钛合金氩弧焊接头和电子束焊接头的静力拉伸及旋转弯曲疲劳试验,并根据试验结果对两类焊接接头的力学性能进行了对比分析,采用统计学方法给出了二者的中值疲劳寿命SN曲线及疲劳极限。研究结果表明：氩弧焊接头焊缝区内晶粒粗大,使得材料的力学性能明显劣化;电子柬焊接头具有更高的抗拉强度与更好的高周疲劳性能,更有利于工程应用。     

基于机电阻抗方法的连接接头螺钉松动损伤识别研究

飞机在飞行过程中,机翼蒙皮的螺钉在反复载荷的作用下会发生松动、甚至脱落损伤,对飞机的飞行安全埋下隐患。及时发现此类损伤并采取有效措施可以提高飞机的安全性。针对此类损伤,设计了硬铝合金板连接接头的螺钉松动损伤模式,应用机电阻抗的试验方法对其进行了识别研究。试验结果表明：当选择恰当的频率范围时,随着螺钉松动损伤程度的增加,压电片与结构组成系统的RMSD（Root Mean Square Deviation）指标增加,两者表现出单调函数关系,应用RMSD损伤指标可以识别螺钉松动损伤程度,且对小的损伤更加敏感。     

铝合金焊接结构的应力松弛及控制

针对生产现场大尺寸5A06-H112铝合金板箱形件拼焊制造过程中存在应力松弛的问题,对多种焊接工艺方法进行了研究.通过对不同焊接接头的力学性能试验、残余应力测试、焊接金相和硬度测量结果对比显示,铝合金焊接结构的应力变化存在先升后降的变化趋势,而TIG焊由于采用较小的线能量和多层焊,较MIG焊其应力松弛的程度存在差异.结果表明,增加焊后时效时间8～10d,并采用TIG焊技术将有效减小铝合金焊接结构的应力松弛,使端头下沉减少50％左右,满足了设计图纸的要求.     

铝合金厚板FSW焊缝成形及金属流动行为分析

采用三角平面圆锥形搅拌针焊接20 mm厚的铝板,分析工艺参数对焊缝成形及金属流动特征影响。随着旋转速度增加,单位时间内金属迁移量增大,焊核区面积增加,疏松区面积减小至消失;而过大的旋转速度反而使疏松缺陷再次出现。适当减小焊接速度,增大单位长度内焊缝热输入,改善焊缝成形,但焊接速度过小易导致焊缝上部受热过多,疏松区及内部孔洞变大。在合适的参数下焊接时,瞬时空腔的出现可使更多塑化金属绕搅拌针做圆周迁移,即提高了沿水平方向的“抽吸-挤压”效应,改善了金属流动性,减少甚至消除焊缝内部缺陷。     

SMA鼓包迟滞建模与控制策略

激波控制鼓包SCB是一种减小激波阻力的流动控制技术。为了解决固定挠度鼓包工作范围较窄的问题,提出了一种具有双向记忆效应的形状记忆合金SMA鼓包,通过控制SMA鼓包的温度来改变其挠度。SMA鼓包最大可回复位移为6.1 mm,为鼓包变形区域的2.65%。针对迟滞现象对鼓包挠度控制的影响,基于（Krasnosel'skii-Pokrovskii,KP）模型对SMA鼓包的温度/挠度迟滞特性进行了建模研究。采用粒子群算法来辨识模型参数,辨识得到的迟滞模型最大误差为0.107 mm。设计了2种基于KP模型的PID控制方案,一种为无迟滞补偿的单目标PID控制,一种为迟滞逆模型前馈补偿的双目标PID控制。仿真与实验结果表明,迟滞逆模型前馈补偿的双目标PID控制时域性能优于无迟滞补偿的单目标PID控制。     

Influences of pulse frequency on formation and properties of composite anodic oxide films on Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy

A thick composite anodic oxide film was fabricated in an environmentally friendly malic acid electrolyte containing PolyTetraFluoroEthylene (PTFE) nanoparticles on Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloys. The influence of pulse frequency on the morphology, microstructure and composition of composite anodic oxide films containing PTFE nanoparticles was investigated using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy. The tribological properties in terms of the friction coefficient, wear loss and morphology of worn surfaces were measured by ball-on-disc tests. The electrochemical property was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization. The results indicated that the titanium dioxide of composite anodic oxide films transformed from anatase to rutile with the change of pulse frequency, which could result from the electrochemical dynamic equilibrium. The combination of PTFE nanoparticles and malic acid electrolyte molecules can influence the energy fluctuation of electrochemical equilibrium and formation of composite anodic oxide films. Moreover, composite anodic oxide films fabricated under the condition of 1.0–2.0 Hz exhibited the best wear resistance and corrosion property. The schematic diagram of the film formation and PTFE nanoparticles spreading process under different frequencies was elucidated.     

Effect of beam current on microstructures and mechanical properties of joints of TZM/30CrMnSiA by electron beam welding

Electron beam welding experiments of TZM alloy and 30CrMnSiA steel butt joints were carried out with different beam currents. Microstructures and chemical compositions of typical zones were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The mechanical properties of the joints were evaluated by tensile strength tests. Besides, nanoindentation tests were carried out to compare the brittleness of the reaction layer and other typical microstructures. The results illustrated that the reaction layer at the interface between fusion zone (FZ) and TZM alloy was the weak position of the joint, which was divided into Fe₂Mo layer and a mixture layer of Fe₂Mo and α-Fe phases. As the beam current increased, the thickness of the Fe₂Mo layer decreased, which resulted in the increasing of the tensile strength of the joints. When the beam current exceeded 24 mA, the formation of the joint was poor with a low tensile strength. When the beam current was 24 mA, the joint presented the highest strength of 191.3 MPa and the joint fractured along the Fe₂Mo layer near the TZM alloy side with a brittle fracture mode.     

X射线衍射残余应力测试方法及应用

介绍了X射线衍射仪测定材料残余应力的原理、测定参数的选择依据,并以7055铝合金为试验对象,进行了不同热处理机制的材料残余应力的测定。试验结果表明:X射线衍射仪测定7055铝合金的参数为管电压28.5 kV、管电流9 mA、扫描步距0.05。、计数时间20 s、4ψ角、铬靶(311)晶面、准直管直径φ4 mm;通过X射线衍射仪测得7055铝合金热处理之前的残余应力值为207MPa,为压应力,经A和B热处理机制处理之后的残余应力分别为62 MPa和33 MPa,均为压应力,两种热处理机制均能有效降低材料加工残余应力,且B热处理机制略优于A。X射线衍射方法测定材料残余应力为材料热处理机制提供了一定的理论依据。     

GH4169晶粒尺寸的双目标超声评价方法

针对仅以评价准确性为目标的多超声评价方法易失去单调可评价性这一问题,同时以准确性、单调性为优化目标,提出一种面向GH4169晶粒尺寸的双目标多超声参数评价方法。根据相关性准则选取多超声参数,并构建二次多项式评价关系模型;以平均绝对误差为准确性评价目标,以斯皮尔曼相关系数为单调性评价目标,构建以评价模型待定参数为决策变量的双目标优化问题,并利用多目标优化算法求解获得最终的超声评价模型。结果表明:该方法所确定的模型的偏差与相对误差分别为3.05%与10.69%,这表明其准确度及稳定性均显著优于其他模型。     

基于ProCAST的高Nb-TiAl合金叶轮熔模铸造

通过铸造模拟软件ProCAST实现高Nb-TiAl合金叶轮熔模铸造充型凝固过程的模拟仿真,研究浇注充型工艺对合金熔体充型、缩孔缩松等充型凝固特性的影响,优化相应工艺;进行浇注实验与铸件的无损检测分析,并进行铸件的解剖分析验证缩孔缩松分布;使用附注试棒研究叶轮在室温和高温下的力学性能。结果表明:ProCAST软件对高Nb-TiAl铸件缩孔缩松预测较为准确,通过模拟仿真预测结果优化了工艺方案从而避免了铸件中大尺寸缩孔缩松的形成,在最终的铸件中只存在尺寸小于22μm的显微缩孔;所有铸件均实现完整充型,铸件室温抗拉强度约580 MPa,850℃高温抗拉强度约450 MPa。