兰成渝管道工程运行管理系统研究

兰成渝管道工程运行管理系统是为指导管线运行而开发的软件，在国内首先实现了以自动方式和人机交互的方式编制调度计划，并以模拟模块对编制的计划直接进行工况模拟，以调度报表的形式提供输油工况下的控制参数。介绍了软件的编制思路和算法。     

一种终端区利用率评估方法研究

终端区利用率量化评估是解决终端区运行瓶颈、挖掘运行潜力的重要前提。现有方法大都面向全空域,指标缺乏通用性。聚焦终端区运行特点,构建了终端区利用率评估指标,基于灰色绝对关联度和主成分分析法,建立了灰色主成分评估模型,并对传统灰色绝对关联度的计算方法进行改进。以20个典型终端区数据为基础,经模糊C均值聚类验证了所提方法有效正确,且可区分性更好,能够满足多个终端区间的横向对比要求;结合广州终端区雷达数据进一步分析,发现方法更加细致地反映了沿时间轴的资源利用情况,满足单个终端区的纵向对比要求,可以为终端区的天气影响评估及流量管理优化策略评估提供论证依据。     

基于模糊规划的航空公司混合营销渠道协调

为了对航空公司混合渠道进行更有效协调,根据渠道协调特点,运用区间分析法构建了需求不确定情况下航空公司混合渠道协调的模糊规划模型,并对模型进行了多维度数值模拟.结果表明,模型对不确定需求具有鲁棒性,适用于需求不确定下航空公司混合渠道协调;随着分销渠道比例下降,渠道协调鲁棒性呈现先升后降趋势;随着需求区间变大,模糊规划模型的隶属度呈现下降趋势.因此航空公司应适当降低分销渠道比例,同时加强市场调查缩小机票需求不确定区间范围;代理人应选择代理销售需求不确定性低的机票产品,并与航空公司合作适当降低分销渠道比例从而获得鲁棒双赢策略.     

基于排队论的防空部署效率分析

为简化空防对抗中防空部署效率的分析,提出了一种基于排队论的分析方法。将作战过程视为先到先服务的服务系统,在目标持续入侵时目标流作为泊松申请,近、中/远程地空导弹武器集群分别为带失效和有限等待时间的排队系统。在一定的简化条件下建立了两种火力单元部署效率的数学模型。算例表明,该法可描述我方火力单元数、武器系统毁伤能力(服务时间)和空中目标流密度间的关系,能用于评估混编防空武器系统的部署效率,算法简单。     

试论防空导弹武器系统的保障性

论述了保障性与可靠性、维修性的关系，给出了防空导弹开口系统保障性的定义和目标，阐述了保障性的论证、设计、研制与评估的要点。提出保障性是设计出来的，是能保障与可保障两上方面的结合，必须将其纳入型号论证、设计全过程，必须与其他性能协调权衡；生设计是参数及其量值的设计，将保障性要求与目标转换成保障设计特 参一才能进行听软硬件设计。     

Cost Engineering – The new paradigm for space launch vehicle design

The paper describes the basic definition and application of 'Cost Engineering' which means to design a vehicle system for minimum development cost and/or for minimum operations cost. This is important now and for the future since space transportation has become primarily a commercial business in contrast to the past where it has been mainly a subject of military power and national prestige. Several examples are presented for minimum-cost space launch vehicle configurations, such as increasing vehicle size and/or the use of less efficient rocket engines in order to reduce development and operations cost. Further a cost comparison is presented on single-stage (SSTO)-vehicles vs. two-stage launchers which shows that SSTOs have lower development and operations cost although they are larger, respectively have a higher lift-off mass than two-stage vehicles with the same performance. The design of a space tourism-dedicated launch vehicle is an extreme challenge for a cost-engineered vehicle design in order to achieve cost per seat not higher than $50,000. Finally an outlook is presented on the different options for manned Earth-to-Moon transportation modes and vehicles – another most important application of 'cost engineering', taking into account the large cost of such a future venture.     

杂波环境下的机动目标检测和跟踪算法

交互多模式(IMM)是一种有效的机动目标跟踪算法,但由于其要求具有很多的先验前提条件而不利于工程实现.研究了一种杂波环境下更适合于工程实现的机动目标(同样适用非机动目标)的跟踪算法,该算法通过一种由测量位置估计误差决定的机动检测函数来实现杂波背景中的机动目标检测,并通过改变Kalman滤波的相关参数,实现自适应跟踪.该算法克服了IMM算法的模式限制和复杂性,同时也避免了对非机动目标的跟踪中,在跟踪模式间相互切换时所换造成的影响.通过在空管系统(ATC)的大量模拟实验,验证了该算法的有效性和重大应用价值.     

RECAT间隔标准的差异性对比与计算分析

尾流是影响机场容量的重要因素之一,在保证安全前提下缩减尾流间隔能增加机场繁忙时刻航空器进离场架次,进而提高机场容量.美国和欧洲提出尾流标准重新分类(RECAT)概念,并在一些机场试运行,取得良好效果.基于国内某机场一周内航空器起降机型架次,将其重新分类,对比在现行ICAO和RECAT标准下的加权尾流间隔,证明在RECAT标准下尾流间隔将会缩减.通过改变不同航空器机型占比,分析机场容量变化,得出机场容量随航空器占比变化明显,对空管安全运行和机场及跑道运行效率提高具有实际参考价值.     

Comparison of alternative route selection strategies based on simulation optimization

Air traffic flow management (ATFM) is a collaborative process between the airspace provider and the airspace users. The result of the collaboration should be an outcome that maxi-mizes the utility of the system without excessively penalizing any of the agents. This paper develops a discrete-event simulation model which consists of aggregate departure/arrival airports, flight routes, and sectors for evaluating the alternative collaborative route selection strategy. Given the different perspectives from air traffic control center (ACC) and airlines, eight performance-metrics and five alternative route selection strategies represent the past, current and proposed air traffic flow management operations that were evaluated. The Monte Carlo method combined with the Optimal Computing Budget Allocation (OCBA) simulation optimization technique is employed to assess the performance of different strategies. A case study of the upper air routes in central and southern China shows that the proposed model can be readily implemented to simulate different kinds of air traffic flow management strategies and predict the effect of changes on the airspace sys-tem. It also shows that the proposed alternative collaborative route selection strategy is an effective way in alleviating the en-route traffic congestion.     

Tolerance of wheat and lettuce plants grown on human mineralized waste to high temperature stress

The main objective of a life support system for space missions is to supply a crew with food, water and oxygen, and to eliminate their wastes. The ultimate goal is to achieve the highest degree of closure of the system using controlled processes offering a high level of reliability and flexibility. Enhancement of closure of a biological life support system (BLSS) that includes plants relies on increased regeneration of plant waste, and utilization of solid and liquid human wastes. Clearly, the robustness of a BLSS subjected to stress will be substantially determined by the robustness of the plant components of the phototrophic unit. The aim of the present work was to estimate the heat resistance of two plants (wheat and lettuce) grown on human wastes. Human exometabolites mineralized by hydrogen peroxide in an electromagnetic field were used to make a nutrient solution for the plants. We looked for a possible increase in the heat tolerance of the wheat plants using changes in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intensity during heat stress. At age 15 days, plants were subjected to a rise in air temperature (from 23 ± 1 °C to 44 ± 1 °С) under different PAR intensities for 4 h. The status of the photosynthetic apparatus of the plants was assessed by external СО₂ gas exchange and fluorescence measurements. The increased irradiance of the plants during the high temperature period demonstrated its protective action for both the photosynthetic apparatus of the leaves and subsequent plant growth and development. The productivity of the plants subjected to temperature changes at 250 W m⁻² of PAR did not differ from that of controls, whereas the productivity of the plants subjected to the same heat stress but in darkness was halved.