Modelling of air temperature using remote sensing and artificial neural network in Turkey

The aim of this research was to forecast monthly mean air temperature based on remote sensing and artificial neural network (ANN) data by using twenty cities over Turkey. ANN contained an input layer, hidden layer and an output layer. While city, month, altitude, latitude, longitude, monthly mean land surface temperatures were chosen as inputs, and monthly mean air temperature was chosen as output for network. Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) learning algorithms and tansig, logsig and linear transfer functions were used in the network. The data of Turkish State Meteorological Service (TSMS) and Technological Research Council of Turkey–Bilten for the period from 1995 to 2004 were chosen as training when the data of 2005 year were being used as test. Result of research was evaluated according to statistical rules. The best linear correlation coefficient (R), and root mean squared error (RMSE) between the estimated and measured values for monthly mean air temperature with ANN and remote sensing method were found to be 0.991–1.254 K, respectively.     

Study of atmospheric air pollutants during the partial solar eclipse on 15 January 2010 over Udaipur: A semi-arid location in Western India

The paper describes behavior of surface ozone, its precursor gases, BC along with TOCC, TWVC, AOT1020 nm as well as UV and IR radiation intensities observed during the partial solar eclipse of 15th January, 2010 over Udaipur, where 52% solar disc is obscured due to the moon’s shadow. During the beginning to main eclipse phase, the deviation values of several air pollutants concentrations from eclipse to control day values vary in a small range from −9 to −2 ppb in case of surface ozone and −180 to −80 ppb for CO. The corresponding change in the values of BC observed from −3.3 to −.5 μg/m³. No significant change is found in NO₂, NO or in ratio of NO₂/NO values during the partial eclipse time. TOCC values decrease from 3 to 5 DU along with a reduction in UV radiation intensity from 20 to 35% from starting to the main eclipse phase. The AOT1020 nm values are found to increase from .2 to 1.0 along with a reduction in IR radiation intensity order of 50%. However, TWVC values decrease from .22 to .1 cm during the eclipse hours. The low level of dilution in surface ozone in eclipse period may be attributed with change in local atmospheric boundary layer dynamic conditions or limited air pollutants dispersion, in term of decreases in planetary boundary layer height, wind speed and hence ventilation coefficient in the same eclipse hours. Thus, present studies support the argument for the leading roles of photochemical reactions with its precursor gases under presence of solar radiation in surface ozone variability. Other possible controlling factors are advection of air pollutants from the polluted region as evident from backward wind trajectories and altering the local meteorological conditions.     

天气影响下的空中交通系统容量评估综述

回顾了空中交通系统容量评估的基本方法,随后以恶劣天气为背景,介绍了空中交通系统不同组成单元中容量研究的对象与方法.分析表明现有研究存在缺乏容量短周期评估方法、容量定义多样化、忽略管制员负荷等问题,并提出了后续研究的思路.     

五自由度气浮仿真试验台的动力学建模

五自由度气浮仿真试验台是在地面模拟微小卫星空间运动的一种重要仿真设备。通过分 析试验台的系统结构,定义世界系、轨道系及本体系三个坐标系,建立了其所模拟微小卫星 空间运动的一般情况下轨道动力学和姿态动力学模型,最后根据试验台目前执行机构为冷气 推进装置的实际工作情况导出了试验台状态方程,为下一步试验台模拟微小卫星的自治飞行 提供了理论基础。
     

航空发动机进气道出口截面喘振波的分布

用扰流插板使涡扇发动机进气道内产生不对称分布的总压畸变并使发动机出现喘振。在进气道出口即发动机进口截面测取两种不同转速下发动机的喘振压力波。应用小波分析奇异点理论,采用模极大值原理和高阶Daubechies小波多尺度分析,对喘振压力信号进行处理,得到发动机喘振波在其进口截面的波形分布特征。揭示了在两种转速下,喘振波在截面上的分布相似,其频率和幅值与转速成正比。截面中心部分表现为正脉冲,周围部分为负脉冲。在垂直方向上的幅值较大,而两翼较小。对该分布特征进行了分析,初步的推论为:高压压气机引起喘振,稳态压力畸变最严重的区域和未受到畸变扰动的区域,喘振波最为强烈。     

空域交通复杂度计算方法研究

空域复杂度是指管制员所指挥的空域的复杂程度,包括可见的飞机运行、不可见的运行程序等,决定着管制员的工作负荷。而空域交通复杂度则是可见的飞机运行的部分,为其重要组成部分。将对空域交通复杂度进行分析研究,考虑到飞机分布不均匀,修正了飞机的数量,通过对飞机在垂直方向、水平方向、飞行速度的影响分析,得出了交通复杂度的计算公式。并利用雷达模拟机对某一空域进行了测算．得出该空域的交通复杂度的分布。     

ATC系统中STCA性能评估指标研究

针对空管系统中短期冲突告警性能评估指标技术展开研究,通常的评价指标包括漏警率、虚警率等,这些指标在一定程度上能够反映短期冲突告警的性能优劣,但还存在一定的评价缺陷,基于短期冲突告警的实际情况,提出了不当告警率的概念和计算方法,在保留虚警概率、检测概率指标的情况下,引入不当告警率,更加科学和真实地完成了对短期冲突告警性能的评价,通过对模拟仿真系统和真实使用系统的评价分析,论证了所提出的评价指标的有效性和合理性。     

我国在职管制员的英语现状及其解决对策

新的ICAO通话标准提高了对飞行和管制人员英语听说能力的要求,这对我国民航英语培训和测试都将产生重大影响。本文结合我国实际情况,分析了目前我国在职管制员的英语现状及其存在的问题,并提出了相应的解决对策。     

空气加热器声学振荡特性的数值计算

为研究空气加热器的声学振荡特性并为其设计和后续的试验方案提供借鉴,对空气加热器不同喷嘴位置处的喷雾火焰形成的声学振荡进行了数值仿真,重点研究了多个离散点处的不稳定特征以及燃烧室内的流场演化过程。仿真结果捕捉到了燃烧不稳定的典型特征,如起振、线性增长、稳定极限环;非稳态流场直观地展示出喷注面板中心位置处的喷嘴形成的喷雾火焰容易形成二阶横向声学振荡,并且这种振荡形式具有从喷注面板向喷管入口传播的行波特征;离面板中心53.6mm的喷嘴形成的喷雾火焰容易形成一阶横向声学振荡,这种振荡形式没有明显的行波特征。