增强FMS柔性的关键技术研究

柔性制造技术是现代制造业广泛采用的一种先进的制造技术。实现生产柔性是引进柔性制造技术的根本目的。ＦＭＳ是柔性制造技术应用的典型模式。     

利用领域专用软件体系结构集成大型指挥系统的方法

以领域专用软件体系结构（Domain Special System Architecture,DSSA）为基础,建立了＂指挥信息系统组装与集成体系框架模型＂,并阐述了该模型的设计思想、总体结构和关键技术。同时,采用对象转换代理层方法和沟通对象模型的桥接技术,分别解决多体制技术的包容性和不同构件间的数据交换及互操作问题。结果表明,利用该模型集成大型指挥系统是可行的,并对其他类似信息系统具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Integration of lessons from recent research for “Earth to Mars” life support systems

Development of reliable and robust strategies for long-term life support for planetary exploration must be built from real-time experimentation to verify and improve system components. Also critical is incorporating a range of viable options to handle potential short-term life system imbalances. This paper revisits some of the conceptual framework for a Mars base prototype which has been developed by the authors along with others previously advanced (“Mars on Earth^®”) in the light of three years of experimentation in the Laboratory Biosphere, further investigation of system alternatives and the advent of other innovative engineering and agri-ecosystem approaches. Several experiments with candidate space agriculture crops have demonstrated the higher productivity possible with elevated light levels and improved environmental controls. For example, crops of sweet potatoes exceeded original Mars base prototype projections by an average of 46% (53% for best crop) ultradwarf (Apogee) wheat by 9% (23% for best crop), pinto bean by 13% (31% for best crop). These production levels, although they may be increased with further optimization of lighting regimes, environmental parameters, crop density etc. offer evidence that a soil-based system can be as productive as the hydroponic systems which have dominated space life support scenarios and research. But soil also offers distinct advantages: the capability to be created on the Moon or Mars using in situ space resources, reduces long-term reliance on consumables and imported resources, and more readily recycling and incorporating crew and crop waste products. In addition, a living soil contains a complex microbial ecosystem which helps prevent the buildup of trace gases or compounds, and thus assist with air and water purification. The atmospheric dynamics of these crops were studied in the Laboratory Biosphere adding to the database necessary for managing the mixed stands of crops essential for supplying a nutritionally adequate diet in space. This paper explores some of the challenges of small bioregenerative life support: air-sealing and facility architecture/design, balance of short-term variations of carbon dioxide and oxygen through staggered plantings, options for additional atmospheric buffers and sinks, lighting/energy efficiency engineering, crop and waste product recycling approaches, and human factor considerations in the design and operation of a Mars base. An “Earth to Mars” project, forging the ability to live sustainably in space (as on Earth) requires continued research and testing of these components and integrated subsystems; and developing a step-by-step learning process.     

A strategic flight conflict avoidance approach based on a memetic algorithm

Conflict avoidance （CA） plays a crucial role in guaranteeing the airspace safety. The cur- rent approaches, mostly focusing on a short-term situation which eliminates conflicts via local adjust- ment, cannot provide a global solution. Recently, long-term conflict avoidance approaches, which are proposed to provide solutions via strategically planning traffic flow from a global view, have attracted more attentions. With consideration of the situation in China, there are thousands of flights per day and the air route network is large and complex, which makes the long-term problem to be a large-scale combinatorial optimization problem with complex constraints. To minimize the risk of premature convergence being faced by current approaches and obtain higher quality solutions, in this work, we present an effective strategic framework based on a memetic algorithm （MA）, which can markedly improve search capability via a combination of population-based global search and local improve- ments made by individuals. In addition, a specially designed local search operator and an adaptive local search frequency strategy are proposed to improve the solution quality. Furthermore, a fast genetic algorithm （GA） is presented as the global optimization method. Empirical studies using real traffic data of the Chinese air route network and daily flight plans show that our approach outper- formed the existing approaches including the GA .based approach and the cooperative coevolution based approach as well as some well-known memetic algorithm based approaches.     

扇区繁忙时段交通流的不均衡度量化研究

以容流量及拥挤度等指标进行的空中交通运行评价无法全面反映空中交通的实际运行状况.在依据重要点对航路段进行分组的基础上,通过计算超容比,确定了扇区繁忙时段,基于多项式二次拟合分析了超容比与基尼系数以及泰尔指数之间的数量关系,基于3σ原则确定了不同超容比情况下的理想不均衡度的取值范围.应用方法对厦门1号扇区的实际运行数据进行了计算分析,验证了不均衡度量化方法的适用性.     

ATC3在管制员模拟培训中的应用分析

民航的快速发展对管制员的数量和质量都提出了很高的要求,但管制模拟机设备的不足限制了民航院校的管制员培训与培养.通过详细研究管制模拟软件ATC3,并与目前使用的管制模拟机进行对比分析,探讨其创新性及优缺点,进而研究在管制员模拟机培训中的可应用性.同时也针对该软件的缺点提出了一些优化建议,以使该软件很好地应用在管制员模拟培训中,提高管制培训的质量,加快管制员培训的步伐,满足中国民航发展的迫切需求.     

Lateral Flight Technical Error Estimation Model for Performance Based Navigation

Flight technical error (FTE) combined with navigation system error (NSE) is the main part of total system error (TSE) in performance based navigation (PBN).The implementation of PBN requires pre-flight prediction and en-route short-term dynamical prediction of the TSE.Once the sum of predicted lateral FTE and NSE is greater than the specified PBN value,the PBN cannot operate.Thus,accurate modeling and thorough analysis of lateral FTE are indispensible.Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) lateral track control system of a transport aircraft is designed using linear quadratic Gaussian and loop transfer recovery (LQG/LTR) method,and the lateral FTE of a turbulence disturbed approach operation is analyzed.The error estimation mapping function of latera FTE and its bound estimation algorithm are proposed based on singular value theory.According to the forming mechanism of lateral FTE,the algorithm considers environmental turbulence fluctuation disturbance,aircraft dynamics and control system parameters.Real-data-based Monte-Carlo simulation validates the theoretical analysis of FTE.It also shows that FTE is mainly caused by turbulence fluctuation disturbance when automatic flight control system (AFCS) is engaged and would increase with escalating environmental turbulence intensity.     

中国空中交通流量管理系统的组织设计——以工作地点为基础的多层次人机组织设计的应用

描述了人机系统的基本组成：人的控制系统和技术控制系统。由于控制对象的复杂性，将其整个活动划分为多个子活动，位于不同的工作地点，在每个地点建立相应的人机系统，这就构成了以工作地点为基础的人机系统。依据工作地点之间的联系，确立人机的一现多样性：集中式、分散式、层次式。根据目前中国空中交通流量管理的现状，参考以工作地点为的人机系统设计方法，建立多层次的中国流量管理组织结构，实现有效的人机合作，以此协调各方面的活动与关系，保证空中交通安全有序。     

区域空中交通流量控制研究

运用排队论思想，结合区域控制的特点建立了区域流量控制模型，分析了郑州区域管制中心实施流量控制的实际效果，研究结果表明，仅考虑单独区域流量控制，将使航班延误的不利影响逐级放大，理想的流量控制应该全面考虑所有受影响的区域，合理地选择控制时段和控制间隔，最大限度地利用空域资源，减少航班延误，保证空中交通的安全畅通。     

飞行器空中回收

文中详细介绍了飞行器空中钩取的回收方法和空中钩取作业的主要技术关键。