Multiple air route crossing waypoints optimization via artificial potential field method

Air route crossing waypoint optimization is one of the effective ways to improve airspace utilization, capacity and resilience in dealing with air traffic congestion and delay. However, research is lacking on the optimization of multiple Crossing Waypoints (CWPs) in the fragmented airspace separated by Prohibited, Restricted and Dangerous areas (PRDs). To tackle this issue, this paper proposes an Artificial Potential Field (APF) model considering attractive forces produced by the optimal routes and repulsive forces generated by obstacles. An optimization framework based on the APF model is proposed to optimize the different airspace topologies varying the number of CWPs, air route segments and PRDs. Based on the framework, an adaptive method is developed to dynamically control the optimization process in minimizing the total air route cost. The proposed model is applied to a busy controlled airspace. And the obtained results show that after optimization the safety-related indicators: conflict number and controller workload reduced by 7.75% and 6.51% respectively. As for the cost-effectiveness indicators: total route length, total air route cost and non-linear coefficient, declined by 1.74%, 3.13% and 1.70% respectively. While the predictability indicator, total flight delay, saw a notable reduction by 7.96%. The proposed framework and methodology can also provide an insight in the understanding of the optimization to other network systems.     

一种气浮模拟器位姿状态跟踪测量方法研究

气浮模拟器为了模拟空间飞行器在地面状态的姿态运动和轨道机动运动,需要在大平面空间和大角度空间范围内运动。运动控制和实际运动位置和姿态形成闭环控制,需要一种在超大平面空间范围内快速测量位置和姿态的测量方法和策略,从而提供高精度闭环控制。用iGPS和惯导同步测量模拟器的位置和姿态,通过飞轮和冷气喷嘴伺服动作,实现了气浮模拟器的位置和姿态跟踪,可以广泛应用于其他超大尺度空间位置和姿态测量跟踪。     

Comparison of aerodynamic characteristics between a novel highly loaded injected blade with curvature induced pressure-recovery concept and one with conventional design

This paper introduces a novel design method of highly loaded compressor blades with air injection.CFD methods were firstly validated with existing data and then used to develop and investigate the new method based on a compressor cascade.A compressor blade is designed with a curvature induced pressure-recovery concept.A rapid drop of the local curvature on the blade suction surface results in a sudden increase in the local pressure,which is referred to as a curvature induced ‘Shock'.An injection slot downstream from the ‘Shock' is used to prevent ‘Shock' induced separation,thus reducing the loss.As a result,the compressor blade achieves high loading with acceptable loss.First,the design concept based on a 2D compressor blade profile is introduced.Then,a 3D cascade model is investigated with uniform air injection along the span.The effects of the incidence are also investigated on emphasis in the current study.The mid-span flow field of the 3D injected cascade shows excellent agreement with the 2D designed flow field.For the highly loaded cascade without injection,the flow separates immediately downstream from the ‘Shock';the initial location of separation shows little change in a large incidence range.Thus air injection with the same injection configuration effectively removes the flow separation downstream from the curvature induced ‘Shock' and reduces the size of the separation zone at different incidences.Near the endwall,the flow within the incoming passage vortex mixes with the injected flow.As a result,the size of the passage vortex reduces significantly downstream from the injection slot.After air injection,the loss coefficient along spanwise reduces significantly and the flow turning angle increases.     

气浮支承式触针测量系统径向动态性能研究

触针表面形貌测量仪是生产科研中应用广泛的仪器,杠杆式触针由于其结构原因,在测量时会产生非线性误差,影响测量结果的精度.介绍了一种气浮触针式测量传感器,触针轴运动方向与位移测量方向一致,有效地避免了非线性误差;在研究中建立了气浮支承式触针测量系统的运动模型,分析了测量系统的动静态特性,研究了影响气浮支承径向动态性能的因素...     

TBCC发动机涡轮进气道喷水冷却特性数值研究

对涡轮基组合循环(Turbine Based Combined Cycle, TBCC)发动机涡轮进气道进行喷水冷却是解决TBCC发动机推力不连续问题的有效方式之一。本文基于实际流场条件选取某型TBCC发动机涡轮进气道结构,对进气道内喷水冷却特性进行了数值仿真,研究飞行器不同工况下水滴的蒸发特性及喷水对来流高温空气的预冷效果。结果表明,来流空气温度降幅随水气比提高而增大,最高温降可达152.4K。水气比提高后水滴蒸发率逐渐降低,但蒸发总量仍会继续上升。相同水气比条件下,飞行马赫数越高,喷水冷却效果越明显。在Ma3.5飞行速度和水气比0.03条件下有最高蒸发率,达83.05%。喷水冷却有效扩展了涡轮模态飞行马赫数,最高能使飞行速度提升至Ma2.84,即喷水冷却扩展了TBCC从涡轮模态向超燃冲压模态转换的衔接速域。     

新型空气/酒精火炬点火器设计及试验

为满足燃烧装置对点火系统低时序控制精度和运行参数宽范围可调的需求,设计了一种能够在宽油气比范围内工作,且对燃料和氧化剂注入时序要求较低的空气/酒精火炬点火器。该火炬点火器利用气泡雾化喷嘴组织燃料雾化,采用电嘴进行点火,开展了不同气液质量比和当量比下火炬点火器的热态调试,并将其作为点火装置应用于燃烧加热器开展点火试验。结果表明：火炬点火器在空气注入稳定后即可注入燃料点火起动,对燃料和氧化剂注入时序要求较低;在气液质量比5.73%~19.56%和当量比0.51~2.48内,火炬点火器均能实现快速点火和稳定燃烧,具备点火参数在较宽范围内调节的能力;将火炬点火器应用于燃烧加热器,可迅速点燃主气流,在燃烧加热装置上有良好应用前景。     

航空发动机整机空气系统流动与传热数值模拟

为了研究航空发动机整机空气系统内流动与传热特性,本文以涡扇发动机整机空气系统为对象,主要包括压气机盘腔、涡轮盘腔、低压轴前后腔、前后轴承腔等旋转盘腔和大量的流阻换热单元以及相邻的结构部件。所研究的是一个多腔相连,多进口,多出口,流固耦合传热的复杂问题,分析了发动机真实状况下空气系统内的流动与传热特性。采用Mixture多相流模型进行数值计算得到了该系统的速度场、压力场和温度场。结果表明：该系统内的流场是复杂的多涡流场,多个出口出现燃气倒灌;整个系统的腔压大致从前到后逐渐升高;由于主流通道燃气的入侵,导致高、低压涡轮盘的温度较高,后轴承腔内滑油的冷却作用较为明显。本文的工作使得对发动机整机空气系统的研究不再局限于一维计算,为空气系统的设计提供了理论依据。     

尺度效应下均压槽结构对空气静压轴承自激振动的影响

空气静压轴承表面的均压槽结构能有效提高轴承的承载特性,但气膜内由于湍动能变化引发流场振动,形成非线性的自激涡振,影响系统的动态稳定性.为了提高空气轴承的稳定性,基于静压气体润滑理论和稀薄气体动力学基本原理,建立空气静压轴承的气膜流场数学模型;通过数值模拟和实验测试相结合,分析了直槽、环槽、复合均压槽在不同均压槽截面形状...     

间隙主动控制系统中冷却空气管换热特性实验研究

针对民用发动机低压涡轮主动间隙控制系统中冷却空气管气流冲击机匣的典型结构,建立1∶1简化试验模型并开展换热特性试验研究。试验中依据相似准则确定试验工况,通过改变进口Re数、孔排方式、冲击间距(即冷却管和机匣间距)等参数,分析了机匣表面局部和平均Nu数的分布和变化规律。试验中发现尽管冷却管上冲击孔沿周向均匀分布,机匣表面周向温度却存在明显的差异,对应局部换热系数相差可达3倍以上。试验数据表明:由于冷却管冲击孔周向出流流量不均匀,造成机匣表面局部Nu数随着对应圆心角的增加而逐步变大;当进口Re数增加后,冲击板面局部及平均Nu数均随之增大;试验工况下,机匣表面局部及平均Nu数均随冲击间距、冲击孔间距与孔径比(L/d)的增加而减小。     

香港国际机场航空交通量的无偏灰色马尔科夫预测

针对香港国际机场航空交通量的灰色性和随机波动性,本文采用无偏灰色GM(1,1)代替传统灰色GM(1,1)模型,分析了2001—2012年香港机场航空交通量的数据,预测出2013年香港机场的航空交通量,然后用加权马尔科夫模型对预测结果进行优化。利用Matlab计算得后验差检验C值小于0.35,P值为1,拟合精度等级为好,表明动态无偏灰色马尔科夫能消除传统灰色GM(1,1)模型的固有误差,提高预测精度。加权马尔科夫模型对灰色预测结果优化得2013年香港航空交通量在352 241~370 780架次之间。